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1Africa is thought to be the region most vulnerable to the impacts of climate variability 2 and change. Agriculture plays a dominant role in supporting rural livelihoods and 3 economic growth over most of Africa. Three aspects of the vulnerability of food crop 4 systems to climate change in Africa are discussed: the assessment of the sensitivity of 5 crops to variability in climate, the adaptive capacity of farmers, and the role of 6 institutions in adapting to climate change. The magnitude of projected impacts of 7 climate change on food crops in Africa varies widely among different studies. These 8 differences arise from the variety of climate and crop models used, and the different 9 techniques used to match the scale of climate model output to that needed by crop 10 models. Most studies show a negative impact of climate change on crop productivity 11 in Africa. Farmers have proved highly adaptable in the past to short-and long-term 12 variations in climate and in their environment. Key to the ability of farmers to adapt to 13 climate variability and change will be access to relevant knowledge and information. 14

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