This current study aimed to investigate the impact of religion on entrepreneurial intentions of the final year business students in private higher educational institutes of Pakistan. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire; a total number of 290 responses were collected from the students studying in private higher educational institute. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed and data were analysed using SmartPLS version 2 software. The empirical results of the study reveal that, religion has a highly significant impact on Entrepreneurial Intention (beta=0.316 t=5.1125). Government should consult the Islamic scholars and religious leaders to consolidate an entrepreneurial model; this could help in promoting the entrepreneurship which will ultimately help in poverty alleviation.
This qualitative research study aims at re-conceptualizing intimate co-creation on the basis of a qualitative data analysis. Hence, along with a latest conceptualization, theory of intimation co-creation has been empirically examined in this study. Based on the qualitative research approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis, qualitative data obtained from eight in-depth interviews was transcribed and coded in QDA Miner Lite software for analysis. Results found that five emerging themes represent the phenomenon of intimate co-creation. Furthermore, the contribution of this study was that a new research framework on intimate co-creation has been developed in which antecedents and potential outcomes of intimate co-creation have been identified. Propositions have been given as well to elaborate the relationship of antecedents and outcomes of intimate co-creation for future research direction.
This study aims to examine the nexus between tourism, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions in Pakistan. We examined the asymmetric relationship between tourism, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions for the period 1991 to 2019. We applied NARDL technique, and Granger Causality to predict results. Moreover, we also employed ADF, PP unit root test, Zivot and Andrews test for structural breaks. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag is the most appropriate econometric estimator in the case if asymmetric association exists among the variables. The NARDL technique is capable to discover the dynamic association between economic growth, tourism, and CO 2 emissions. Our results confirmed the asymmetric nexus between tourism, GDP and CO 2 emissions in the context of Pakistan. The results reported that in the short run as well as long run positive and negative shocks of tourism and GDP affect CO 2 emissions. The outcomes also revealed unidirectional causality between tourism and CO 2 emission, while bi-directional causality between economic growth and CO 2 emissions. Likewise, a bi-directional causality has also been reported between tourism and economic growth. The results are very useful for the macro level policy makers in Pakistan, and hopefully will provide significant insight to the relevant stakeholders.
Mutual Funds enable small investors to enjoy the benefits of the capital market instruments with small amount using the expertise of professional managers. This study examines the risk adjusted performance, timing and selection abilities of conventional and Islamic mutual funds in the context of Pakistan. The emergence of Islamic portfolio in the recent years has put mutual fund investors in puzzle, whether to opt for Islamic or conventional funds. The study analyzes 90 (ninety) open ended funds data, which is comprised of 45 each from Islamic and conventional funds, selected randomly over the period of 2011-2019, from the existing population of open-ended mutual funds. We employ asset pricing models i.e. CAPM (1966), and Fama French three factors (1993) model, to measure the risk adjusted performance, and Treynor and Mazuy (1966) model for predicting their selectivity and timing abilities. The results demonstrate that Conventional funds perform better than Islamic funds in term of risk adjusted performance, and conventional funds predict better market timing and selection abilities than its Islamic portfolio. The study has certain implications for the managers of the assets management companies in selecting their best portfolios, making timely investment and will, also be useful for the investors in knowing funds, which perform better.
The current study is a qualitative research with an inductive approach of phenomenology to elaborate the concept of intimate co-creation. Intimate cocreation is a relatively recent concept that was earlier theorized conceptually and requires an empirical validation. The current study is the first empirical attempt to qualitatively examine this concept of intimate co-creation through the lens of interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Using a semi-structured interview guideline, eight in-depth interviews were conducted from the employees working in the teamwork environment of different organizations for mutually assigned tasks that required active interpersonal collaboration. Transcribed data of interview cases was analyzed using QDA Miner Lite software. Five emerging themes were identified from the transcribed data and those five themes are proposed to be the potential predictors of intimate cocreation. Coding frequencies and thematic analysis has provided a three factor grouping / categorization of emerging themes. This study would prove to be a milestone for researchers aiming to empirically extend the research work on intimate co-creation.
Different forms of value co-creation have been a source of literary debate inmanagement literature. Management scholars got the early inspiration for this phenomenon ofmulti-stakeholder engagement from the field of design engineering in the 1970s. Intimate cocreationis a new concept that explores the immediate impact that a co-creation activity mighthave on an individual at the dyadic, group, or team level. Most of its benefits as conceptuallytheorized by Rouse (2020) are very positive; however, it lacks a valid measurement scale forwhich an exploratory analysis of the dimensional structure of intimate co-creation is needed.The current study has addressed the same research gap. For this purpose, a mixed methodsstudy was conducted to explore the dimensional structure of intimate co-creation andoperationalize the concept for development of relevant items. This exploratory factor analysisis the prime step in a series of studies to develop a new measurement scale on intimate cocreation.
Different forms of value co-creation have been a source of literary debate in management literature. Management scholars got the early inspiration for this phenomenon of multi-stakeholder engagement from the field of design engineering in the 1970s. Intimate co-creation is a new concept that explores the immediate impact that a co-creation activity might have on an individual at the dyadic, group, or team level. Most of its benefits as conceptually theorized by Rouse (2020) are very positive; however, it lacks a valid measurement scale for which an exploratory analysis of the dimensional structure of intimate co-creation is needed. The current study has addressed the same research gap. For this purpose, a mixed methods study was conducted to explore the dimensional structure of intimate co-creation and operationalize the concept for development of relevant items. This exploratory factor analysis is the prime step in a series of studies to develop a new measurement scale on intimate co-creation.
Employee job satisfaction has been widely acknowledged as one of the most important factors in the performance and productivity of the employees working in an organization. There are certain factors that contribute towards the job satisfaction of the employee’s and one such widely renowned factor is the training of the employees. The relationship between job satisfaction and the training of employees is further moderated by the organizational culture. This study analyzed the impacts of employees training on the level of their job satisfaction under the moderating effects of the organizational culture. Three different dimensions of satisfaction i.e. satisfaction with Pay, work itself and interpersonal relationship was analyzed in the study. Primary data was collected from as ample of 200 employees from different banks operating in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test and regression analysis techniques. The results of the study presented that Hierarchy and Adhocracy culture are the two most dominant cultures prevailing in the banking sector of Pakistan. The results further present that training has significant association with the level of job satisfaction of the employees with their, pay, work itself and interpersonal relationship. The results further established the moderating role of Adhocracy and Hierarchy Culture in determining the relationship between Training and job satisfaction of the employees.
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