Requirements negotiation involves discussion on the requirements conflict to have some compromise that will satisfy the participating stakeholders of a software project. The output of a requirement negotiation is a set of satisfied requirements of two or more parties. In this paper, we present a systematic review of requirements negotiation challenges. The study adopted 34 papers from the final study selection process which were analyzed based on the requirements negotiation challenges they addressed. The identified challenges are decision-making, communication, performance, managing requirement changes, and conflict resolution. The output of the study indicates that decision-making is addressed by 33% of the studies reviewed, followed by the performance with 22%, conflict resolution with 19%, while 16% focus on stakeholders’ communication, and managing requirements changes has 10%.
Requirements negotiation is a centralized process of making a decision in order to resolve conflicts in the requirements of the stakeholder. The negotiation will enable the shared vision of software to be developed among the heterogeneous stakeholder in the software industry to be achieved. Many process models used for the negotiation of stakeholder’s requirements have been proposed for the software industry by the research community, yet the acceptance of these process models is discouraging. This study tends to investigate the inadequate adoption of requirements negotiation process models. Further, it finds the acceptance criteria for the software industry to adopt requirements negotiation models. Finding shows that the software industries do not adopt the process models. The perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and many more criteria have been identified through the literature review on the general criteria of software systems acceptance.
Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem (MDVRP) is a heuristic optimization problem that capture interest of several researchers' for its applicability to real-life situations. The variant of MDVRP are solved with some certain constraints such as service time, time window, vehicle capacity, travelled distance etc. these makes MDVRP to cover several situations In this, 76 studies related to MDVRP from 2012 to 2022 were systematically reviewed. The studies are review based on their constraints and an application through various fields. The goal of this research is to examine the contemporary state of MDVRP and its applications. To achieve this goal, we formed a comprehensive search process which was employed on high rated scientific journals databases. The search process resulted to numerous important research papers in the research domain which were theoretically reviewed. The research papers found are screened based on the titled, abstract, year of publication and exhaustive reading of full text in order to extract the related information that will address the aim of this study. Finally, the selected studies were categorized based on constraints and real-life applications they tackled. The outcome of our study shows that minimizing travelled distance and service time were the most constraints addressed by the selected studies, transportation network, waste management; distribution problems were the most widely used real-life applications of MDVRP concentrated on.
Software requirements negotiation (SRN) is one of the most essential stages of software requirements engineering. SRN involves the stakeholder's interaction to reach a mutual understanding of the requirements for developing a software project. The increased research interest in requirements engineering has resulted in huge literature in the SRN domain. There is a need to investigate the broad of techniques, processes, and evaluation mechanisms used in the SRN research community. This study aims to examine and identify the existing methods, processes, evaluation mechanisms, quantity of publications, publication trends and demographics shaping SRN research domain. To accomplish our aim, we used an evidence-based systematic approach, and 67 relevant studies were ultimately chosen from the search process based on the formulated research questions. Our study result shows broad and promising SRN techniques that include agent-based negotiation, TAICOS, wikiwinwin and winbook. However, we found that the existing SRN techniques suffer from limitations that have stakeholders' communication gaps, interface issues to non-technical users, decision-making, and managing requirements changes. Moreover, our study found that 63% of the selected studies stated their SRN processes, with 22% adopting the basic SRN processes in winwin model. Five evaluation mechanisms were discovered, with case study and experiment most adopted by the selected studies with 44% and 30%, respectively. In conclusion, although research on SRN is recently gaining some traction, the works in the domain are insufficient. Concrete proposals are needed to improve SRN in software requirements engineering research domain.
Requirements negotiation is a centralized process of making a decision in order to resolve conflicts in the requirements of the stakeholder. The negotiation will enable the shared vision of software to be developed among the heterogeneous stakeholder in the software industry to be achieved. Many process models used for the negotiation of stakeholder’s requirements have been proposed for the software industry by the research community, yet the acceptance of these process models is discouraging. This study tends to investigate the inadequate adoption of requirements negotiation process models. Further, it finds the acceptance criteria for the software industry to adopt requirements negotiation models. Finding shows that the software industries do not adopt the process models. The perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and many more criteria have been identified through the literature review on the general criteria of software systems acceptance.
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