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In this study, microsatellite markers were used to identify Musa genomic groups and to investigate genetic relationships among banana accessions from various areas in Indonesia. One hundred sixteen banana accessions were analysed using MaCIR108 and Ma-3-90 primer pairs for identifying genomic groups. Six additional SSR primer pairs were used for genetic relationship analysis. The results showed that 73 accessions should be classified in the AA/AAA and AAA genomic groups, two accessions in the BB genomic group, 21 accessions in the AAB genomic group and 20 accessions in the ABB genomic group. Ninety-nine out of the 116 accessions were unique genotypes while the rest were synonyms. The dendrogram generated by UPGMA analysis separated the 116 banana accessions into two main clusters with a similarity of 0.13. All banana accessions belonging to the BB, ABB and AAB genomic groups clustered in the first main cluster, together with the majority of the accessions containing the pure A genome. The second main cluster was formed of 11 accessions of AA/AAA and AAA genome. Within the first main cluster, the accessions containing the B genome were clustered according to their genomic group, except four AAB accessions clustering with accessions containing the A genome alone. The ABB genomic group appeared closer to the BB than to the AAB genomic group. The AA and AAA banana accessions could not be significantly distinguished, although the majority of accessions tended to be clustered according to their ploidy level.

Abstract. Rahayuningsih M, Kartijono NE, Retnoningsih A. 2017. Short Communication: The nest characteristics of Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1130-1134. Java has three species of hornbills, one of them is the Wreathed Hornbill (Rhyticeros undulates Shaw, 1811) that can be found mainly throughout on Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia. The main threats to Wreathed Hornbill population are habitat fragmentation and forest clearing. The large trees used for nesting by the Wreathed Hornbill are usually located in areas of illegal logging. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of Wreathed Hornbill nests, especially in Mount Ungaran. Eight nests were discovered, six of which were active. The nests were found at 900-1200 m above sea level. Trees that were used as nest sites were between 24-35 m high, and had a diameter of 0.83-1.75 m. Nests were located at heights of 1-27 m, and had a hole diameter of 33-38 cm, hole length of 170-211 cm, entrance width of 4-11 cm, entrance length of 14-39 cm, nest thickness 6-18 cm, and a temperature of 20-21°C. The nest shapes were oval, ellipse, and irregular oval. Commonly, the Wreathed Hornbills used Syzygium glabratum, Syzygium antisepticum, and Cratoxylum formosum for nesting.

Fern is one of the vegetation that makes up the forest ecosystem in low, medium, and highland areas. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of ferns in Central Java at different heights. The research zone consists of zone I lowlands (Pagerwunung Nature Reserve, Darupono, Kendal, 100-300 masl), zone II medium plains (Forest Penggaron, 300 - 800 masl), and zone III highlands (Forest Mount Ungaran and Mount Lawu). The results showed that the diversity of plants in the zone I consisted of 8 families with 15 species, zone II consisted of 3 families with 23 species, and zone III consisted of 18 families with 32 species. The highest distribution of ferns diversity was in zone III because the increasing altitude causes the soil condition to become more humid. After all, forest trees provide water composition for the soil, lower temperatures make high air humidity, and light intensity is a suitable bioecological factor for all ferns’ habitat.

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