pH control is significant in electrodeposition because they affect the characteristics of electrolyte and the deposit. This paper mainly analyses the processing conditions of electrolyte pH value on the electrodeposited SAC. Sn2+ ions will be obtained from the tin methane sulphonate acid while the Cu2+ and Ag+ ions will be obtained from their respective sulfate salts. Ammonium acetate helps in raising the pH of the bath. The FESEM analysis was carried out to examine the morphology of the electrodeposited nanocomposites. A variety of morphological patterns for the electrodeposits with different electrolyte pH is obtained. At low pH (2) electrolyte value, the electrodeposits show a very poor quality with rough surface. With increasing pH value (2.5), the averaged grain sizes decreased. The surfaces of the films electrodeposited at this pH value are generally quite smooth, uniform and compact. Later increment of pH values (3~4) has lead to the formation of porous and non-uniform electrodeposits. From the study, it is possible to observe that, even with the same composition, the deposits have different morphologies under different controlled parameter.
The effect of hydrazine, N2H4 in the presence of fatty amide as corrosion inhibitor on corrosion of carbon steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was studied by linear polarization resistance method (LPRM) at room temperature and static condition. The specimens’ surface analysis was done using atomic force microscope (AFM). The inhibition efficiency improved to more than 80% when 500, 100 and 2000 ppm of hydrazine were added to the inhibited solution containing 20 ppm fatty amide. The results obtained show that the inhibition effect is increased with increase of hydrazine concentration in inhibited solution. It indicates that hydrazine retards the reduction of oxygen in the corrosion process by reacting with dissolved oxygen in the solution and thus, further it reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel.
With world-wide strict legislation for reduction or removal of lead from industrial waste, development of a large number of lead-free alternative solder materials had been intensively examined. The drive for lead-free solders development was towards systems that can imitate conventional lead containing solder alloys in terms of melting temperatures and improvement of mechanical properties. Nanostructured solder alloy, with a grain size of typically < 100 nm, was a new class of materials with properties distinct from and frequently distinguished to those of the conventional alloy. In comparison, nanostructured solder alloys exhibit higher strength and hardness, enhanced diffusivity, and excellent soft and hard magnetic properties. Numerous different techniques were performed to synthesize these nanostructured solder alloys. Electrodeposition method has generated huge interest in nanostructured solder preparation, mainly due to its ability to deposit solders selectively and uniformly at nanoscale. These factors bring significant influences on the behaviors of products, such as magnetization, density, ductility, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, porosity, molecular structure, and crystal properties which plays a vital part in the field of electronic manufacturing. In this paper, a short review on the electrodeposition, a useful technique to deposit different metals and alloys, as a method for nanostructured lead-free solder alloys preparation is presented.
The adsorption types of corrosion inhibitors are typically organic compounds made-up of element comprising of N, O, P and S. In this study, the relative inhibition effect of synthesized fatty amides mixture, pyridine and pyrrole as corrosion inhibitors on carbon steels in saline water had been compared using linear polarization resistance method (LPRM). It is still unknown which of these organic compounds performed best than another. The experimental results had shown that compounds containing elemental N performed as corrosion inhibitor in protecting carbon steels when immersed in saline water. The synthesized fatty amides mixture is found to be better than pyridine and pyrrole, indicating the presence of various chain lengths of fatty amides molecules provide a better surface on carbon steels.
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