ABSTRACT:It is estimated that 6-12% of all the pregnancies are complicated by hypertension and even all improvements pre eclempsia is a significant reason of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nifedipine, Labetalol and hydralazine are mostly being used in acute management of hypertension in pregnancy but so far there is no evidence that anyone drug is more effective. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean time to achieve blood pressure control of oral Nifedipine with intravenous Labetalol for management of severe pregnancy induced hypertension. METHODOLOGY: This randomized control trial was done in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Hilal-e-Ahmer hospital, Faisalabad over a period of 6 months from 01-07-2016 to 31-12-2016. Total 100 patients (group-A and group–B having 50 in each) were included in study. In group A, females were given 40mg oral Nifedipine and in group, females were given 20ml intravenous Labetalol. Time at administration was followed in the ward for assessment of blood pressure control. Blood pressure was noted after every 10 min. The total donation time to achieve B.P was noted (as per operational definition).The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17.0. Baseline blood pressure were presented in the form of mean+SD. Both groups were compared for mean time to achieve blood pressure control by applying t- test and consider significant at p value <5%.RESULTS: Patients were ranged between 20-40 years. Mean age of the patients was calculated as 26.98+4.54 and 27.36+4.43 years in group-A and B respectively. Gestational age shows that 64%(n=32) in Group-A 74%(37%) in Group–B were between 20-30 weeks of gestation while 36%(n=18) in Group-A were between 31-40 weeks of gestation mean±SD was calculated as 28.92+4.91 and 28.94+4.72 weeks in Group-A and B respectively. Mean time to achieve B.P control in group A was 31.24+5.62 and in group B 45.5+4.63 with p value <0.05. CONCLUSION: Mean time to achieve blood pressure control was shorter with oral Nifedipine when compared to I/V Labetalol for management of female presenting with severe pregnancy induced hypertension.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of different anemic grades in patients to give better treatment and to improve quality of life of patients. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the immensity of Deficiency of Iron Anemia in DHQ Hospital Faisalabad, and the duration of this study was from February 2021 to January 2022 to evaluate the prevalence and different stages of anemic patients. Two hundred patients were included in this study who met all the criteria needed to this study. In this study we examined blood tests, CBC reports of all patients in the laboratory. Moreover, including detailed patient’s history, previous diseases, current diseases, anemia history in family, gynecological history of women were examined. Results: In all two hundred anemic patients, we found one hundred and seventy (85%) patients had deficiency of iron and 30 (15%) patients had inadequacy of non-iron (lack of other minerals) anemia. Most of the patients (58.8%) who had less volume of iron were aged of 21 to 32 Years. On basis of serum ferritin level (SFL), We observed the intensity of deficiency of iron and classify into modest, mildest and acute groups. We found 120 (70.6%) patients had modest IDA (iron deficiency anemia), 20 (11.8%) patients had acute and rest (17.6%) had mildest deficiency of iron anemia. In 160 IDA patient’s women were 95 (55.9%), 40 (23.5%) were men > 19 years and 35 (20.6%) were growing children had an aged < 14 years. Practical implication: This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of IDA to maintain a better treatment and to reduce the death ratio and to improve quality of life of patients affected by anemia. Conclusion: In this study, we observed deficiency of iron is the most frequent cause in patients of anemia, especially in females. Keywords: blood, Anemia, oxygen, Deficiency of Iron, hemoglobin level,
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on proteinuria in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Chinese population. Materials and Methods: The design of this study was Quasi-experimental study design and the duration of this study was from December 2021 to June 2022. This study was conducted in the Department of medicine, in DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. Totally 30 patients who were suffering from type 2 diabetic mellitus disease were enrolled. Vitamin D levels Proteinuria, HbA1c and FBS level was evaluated. Oral Vitamin D 50,000 IU weekly dose was given to Patients with Vit D deficiency for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 week the Vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c and Albumin level was evaluated again. All the demographic details and study results were recorded on a predesigned data collection proforma. Results: Out of total 30 patients, 11 were male and 19 were female with mean age of 34.73±9.14 years. The most common age group was 41-50 years in which 36.7%, followed by age group of 31-40 years in which 33.3% and 30.0% patients were in age group of 41-50 years. The statistical difference between Pre-intervention and post-intervention was calculated, and p-value was significant. In our study the Vit D level increases while proteinuria decreases. Practical Implication: In diabetic patients its deficiency lead to a number of serious condition such as ischemic heart disease, CKD and Diabetic nephropathy. Vit D play its role in the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. It also have a protective role in the renal by preventing of glomerulosclerosis and anti-proteinuric effect. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is helpful in increasing Vit D level in T2DM patients. And also helpful in decreasing proteinuria. This means that correction of Vit D level can decrease proteinuria. Keywords: Vitamin D, Proteinuria, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Albumin Level, Proteinuria, Threatening Disorder.
Objectives: (1) To seek the association between chronic HCV infection and type 2 diabetes, mellitus. (2) To verify the effect of age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity and presence of cirrhosis on the association of chronic HCV infection. Design. Case control study. Setting: DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Subjects: The subjects were divided into two groups. One was with positive anti-HCV antibody on ELISA method and other was without liver disease and negative for anti-HCV. Both the groups contained 500 subjects each and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intervention: After a brief interview regarding age, residence, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic status, both the groups underwent weight and height measurements. The body mass was calculated according to the formulae. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done of all the patients of study groups to assess the liver status. Main outcome measures: Chi – squaretest was applied to see the association and then odds ratio was calculated to check the strength of association. Results: Diabetes mellitus was detected in 174 patients (34.8%) out of 500 patients in the group A as compared to 30 patients (6%) out of 500 patients in the group B. having chisquare value of 127.69 and significance of 0.000 with HCV +/ HCV- Odds ratio 0.120 and 95% CI0.079-0.181. Conclusions: There is strongassociation between HCV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Severity of Liver Disease was strong associated factor.
Objectives: To assess the frequency of hyponatremia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods: The design of this study was cross sectional study design. This study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, in a DHQ Hospital Faisalabad. Totally 179 patients who were suffering from chronic kidney disease were enrolled. A 3ml blood samples were taken from each patient and sent for the measurement of electrolytes to the hospital laboratory. A unique number will be given to each sample. All the demographic details and study results were recorded on a predesigned data collection proforma. Results: Out of total 179 patients, 105 were male and 74 were female with mean age of 40.91±12.13 years. The most common age group was 20-35 years in which 76 (42.5%), followed by 36-50 years in which 52 (29.0%) and 51 (28.5%) patients were in the age group of < 60 years. 41.9%) patients have hyponatremia while 104 (58.1%) patients do not have hyponatremia. Frequency distribution of different variables in patients with respect to Hyponatremia was done ad it was noted that P-value was not significant. Practical Implication: In human Hyponatremia develops as a result of the kidney’s inability to emit extra water, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD the human kidney fails to regulate water homeostasis. The main aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in CKD patients. Conclusion: It is concluded that in most of the CKD patients, hyponatremia was developed. And also, hyponatremia is age dependent so in elder patients the hyponatremia prone to develop. Keywords: Hyponatremia, Chronic Kidney Disease, Frequency, Laboratory, Variables, Symptom.
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