Background The spread of COVID‐19 as an infectious disease brings about many newly arrived challenges, which call for further research on the scope of its effect on life due to the special conditions of this disease. The present study is, therefore, an attempt to understand the lived experience of inpatients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Method In this phenomenological study, among patients with COVID‐19 who were hospitalized in COVID‐19 referral hospitals, 17 people were selected by random sampling method. Data were gathered by interviews and analysed using MAXQDA10 software. Findings Analysis revealed 4 main themes and 16 subthemes. Main themes included the (1) denial of the disease, (2) negative emotions upon arrival, (3) perception of social and psychological supports and (4) post‐discharge concerns and problems. Conclusion Patients with COVID‐19 experience a different world of stresses, concerns and feelings in the course of their disease. Gaining a deeper insight into patients’ experiences with this disease can help handle this disease more effectively and provide better post‐corona nursing and psychological care and services.

Tinea capitis of the scalp, an infection caused by dermatophytes, produces a significant health problem especially among school children. The object of this study was to highlight the prevalence of tinea capitis in southern Kuwait. During this retrospective study from 1998 to 2003, 1737 suspected cases were examined, 986 (58.6%) were men and 751 (43.2%) were women of which 371 cases were diagnosed as tinea capitis. Of 371 cases of tinea capitis, males comprised 54.2% and females 45.8%. Young children (up to age five) were more frequently infected than other age groups, grey type lesions were more common than other types. Microsporum canis was the most common organism noticed with 62.5% followed by Trichophyton violaceum with 19.3%, Trichophyton tonsurans with 13.1%, while Trichophyton rubrum was the least common. Tinea capitis of scalp is a significant health problem in southern Kuwait especially among young children of school age. The spread of infection can be prevented by health education, proper diagnosis and treatment.

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Background: Providing financial resources for health services is the responsibility of the government, insurers and direct payments of individuals. Considering that health services are one of the most essential people's needsand impose a high cost on individuals, and may create catastrophic health costs for poor people. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of health system evolution (HSE) program on out-of-pocket (OOP) payment in hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in 24 hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2013 to 2017 in order to survey the effect of HSE Program. The sample of this study included all patients with basic insurance referring to hospitals. Data were collected based on a researcher-made checklist for urban and rural patients. The statistical analysis software SPSS19 was used to analyze the data. Results: According to the research findings, the total OOP payment percentage fell from about 20 % to 8 % at the end of the year. The percentage of the patient's spending on consumer use declined from 60 % to 6 %, for drugs from 30 % to 5.5 %, for services from 12 % to 4 %. Conclusion: Increasing people's financial access to health care will improve the health of the community, which is expected to improve community health indicators by lowering their OOP payments. The continuation of OOP payments reduces the need for macroeconomic policies and sustainable budgets.

Background: Health information systems have major impacts on improving the decision-making process during pandemics. Objectives: The qualitative study explored health information systems (HISs) challenges based on HIS’s manager viewpoint during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: In the study, data were collected in two phases: First, in response to an official letter, all participants reported their challenges with HISs. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the same participants. Results: The semantic units were extracted, collected, and coded. Eighteen HIS managers from 18 hospitals reported the challenges of HISs. The 46 HIS challenges and 24 solutions were classified into three categories: Technology, organization, and human. The technology category included three sub-categories: Multiple non-interoperable HISs, inconsistencies between reports of HISs, and lack of suitable hardware equipment. The organizational category encompassed three sub-categories: Data quality, environment and equipment contamination by COVID-19 virus, and lack of sufficient preparedness to respond to the pandemic condition in hospitals. The human category had four subsets: multiple resources of stress, instability in business conditions, and shortage of human resources, and increased workload. Conclusions: It seems that reconstruction of health information systems, revision of medical record documentation processes, holding training courses, and planning to deal with pandemics, human resource support programs are very necessary.

Background: Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Economic evaluation of cancer treatment to reduce costs can save the health care system millions of dollars while optimizing care. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to study the economic evaluation of cancer treatment using intermediate intensity radiation therapy (IMRT) compared to conventional 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). Methods: Literatures from PubMed, Embase, Cochran Library, Google scholar, Scopus and Iranian databases were retrieved since Jan 2000 to Apr 2020 for eligible English studies. The quality of the studies was evaluated using Cheers' checklist and then the textual data were analyzed manually by content analysis method. Results: Overall, 1790 articles were retrieved, of which 12 studies were reviewed. The article quality score ranged from 14.5 to 23 out of a maximum of 24 points. Eleven studies referred to cost-effectiveness analysis and one study referred to cost-utility analysis. Studies have been conducted in the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Hungary. IMRT appears to be a cost-effective treatment strategy for rectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and localized carcinoma of the pharynx, and for prostate cancer in terms of prolonging survival, but it is a cost-effective treatment strategy for head cancer. In addition, the neck was not in India's cancer control program. Conclusion: The results can help to decide whether to use radiation therapy and radiotherapy in the standard treatment path. Furthermore, they underline that IMRT treatment technique was cost effective for a long-time care service.

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