SummarySkin cancer is the most common type of cancer with increasing incidence rate and public health burden. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes an array of damaging cellular and molecular events that eventually lead to the development of skin cancer.Despite increased awareness about sun protection, the exposure rate remains high with less than 15% of men and 30% of women using sunscreen on a regular basis.Therefore, there is an imperative need for the development of novel preventive approaches. Skin cancer chemoprevention using phytochemicals either as dietary supplements or by topical applications has gained considerable attention due to their low toxicity, availability, and anticarcinogenic properties. Tea, the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world, is a rich source of promising phytochemicals known as polyphenols. In this review, we discuss the findings of various in vitro, in vivo and human studies signifying the chemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols against UVB-induced skin cancer. This is accomplished by exploring the role of tea polyphenols in DNA repair, inflammation, oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and epigenetics. Finally, this review discusses a variety of innovative delivery methods that enhance the photochemopreventive effects of tea polyphenols against skin cancer. K E Y W O R D Schemoprevention, skin cancer, tea polyphenols, ultraviolet radiation

Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection of the hair of the scalp affecting predominately prepubertal children. In the US, griseofulvin has been considered a first-line therapy agent for tinea capitis since the 1960s. However, it has been falling out of favor due to significant treatment failure, high cost, and long duration of treatment. Other antifungal agents have been researched as an alternative to griseofulvin. This paper will review the relevant pharmacologic properties, dosing, cost, efficacy, and adverse events profile for griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, and some adjuvant therapy options such as selenium sulfide shampoos and topical ketoconazole.

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Purpose Although previous reports addressed the differences in marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD-1) measurements based on various techniques of levator advancement, eyelid crease measurements have not been studied as markers in perioperative planning. In addition to possible benefits in optimal results for improvement of visual field defects and functional impairment, recent work has suggested that eyelid crease is important in the perception of attractiveness. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the change in eyelid crease measurements in levator advancement and to further expand on numerical correlation of levator advancement in preoperative planning to avoid overcorrection or undercorrection. Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative eye measurements in patients who underwent levator advancement for ptosis between August 2016 and April 2019. This study included 13 patients, all of whom had recorded preoperative and postoperative measurements of MRD-1, whereas 8 of 13 patients had additional preoperative and postoperative measurements of the mid pupil to crease and lateral limbus to crease at the level of mid pupil. Results All patients had increased in MRD-1, mid pupil to crease, and lateral limbus to crease measurements postoperatively. The average advancement of 4.8 mm led to an elevation of MRD-1 to 2.6 mm (n = 25) and an improvement in mid pupil to crease distance of 1.9 mm (n = 15) and lateral limbus to crease distance of 2.6 mm (n = 15). No cases of undercorrection or overcorrection were found. All patients reported satisfaction with the results, including improvement in function and quality of life. No infections, hematomas, or other complications were noted postoperatively in any of the patients. Conclusions Marginal reflex distance 1 is a consistently reliable planning tool in preoperative assessment of levator advancement, with beneficial patient outcomes including improvement of visual field defects caused by ptosis and satisfaction with cosmetic results. This study is the first to report use of crease measurements (mid pupil to crease and lateral limbus to crease), which may provide additional understanding to the aesthetic value of to the levator advancement.

Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated neoplasm. It is a vascular neoplasm that occurs as a result of infection with a human herpesvirus (HHV-8). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HHV-8 both belong to Herpesviridae, a family of DNA viruses. CMV is highly prevalent in the general population and can cause localized or disseminated disease in AIDS patients.Case: A 42-year-old male with an HIV infection presented with a painful ulcerated growing white nodule with overlying telangiectatic vessels on the right third toe that he noticed 4 weeks ago. A tangential biopsy revealed a vascular proliferation which was diffusely positive for HHV-8. In addition, scattered inclusion bodies were observed, indicating co-infection with CMV.Conclusion: This case reinforces the importance of considering KS as a potential diagnosis in all AIDS patients with unusual exophytic growths to avoid potential misdiagnosis and improper management.

Dermatophyte infections are exceedingly rare in neonates, possibly due to the thin stratum corneum and high sebum content of neonatal skin. Only a handful of cases of tinea faciei have been reported in neonates, with the majority of reports occuring in India. Here, we report what to our knowledge is the earliest reported presentation of tinea faciei in the United States. We also provide a brief literature review of other reported cases of tinea faciei in neonates less than 30 days of age.

A 24-year-old Black man presented for evaluation of an asymptomatic rash on the face, chest, back, and arms that had been progressively spreading over the course of 3 months. He had some swelling of the lips prior to the onset of the rash and was prescribed prednisone 10 mg daily by an outside physician. He had no known medical problems and was taking no medications. Physical examination revealed numerous violaceous plaques scattered symmetrically on the trunk, arms, legs, and face. His family history was negative for autoimmune disease, and a review of systems was unremarkable. He denied any recent sexual contacts. WHAT'S YOUR DIAGNOSIS? a. Kaposi sarcoma b. lichen planus pigmentosus c. psoriasis d. sarcoidosis e. secondary syphilis