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Hepatic disorders are progressed by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, hepatocyte death and increased transforming growth factor. Herein we investigated the phytochemical screening of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and analyzed its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential on liver biomarkers that elaborate therapeutic efficacy of polyphenols (catechins) in rat model associated with CCl4 induced liver injury along high fat diet. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are stimulated by either acute or chronic liver injury and critically triggered the production of inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis and liver carcinoma. We designed HPLC work to isolate the green tea phytochemical constituents quantitatively in a remarkable therapeutic range. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were carried out in vivo using treatment with green tea polyphenol extract (GTPE 600 mg/kg) that significantly reduced (P < 0,001) pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in CCl4-induced hepatic injury in Wistar albino rats. Hepatoprotective potential of GTPE was evaluated through biochemical parameters (complete blood count, liver functional tests and lipid profile), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, CAT, GPx and SOD) as well as histopathological analysis. Study of NRF-2 and TIMP-1 pathways through qRT-PCR provided strategy to delay the progression of liver injury into liver fibrosis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species and reverting inflammatory cytokines with the help of GTPE in therapeutic dose. Pharmacological confirmation of current study indicated that green tea possessed incredible anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that polyphenols providing active components (catechins) of crude extract.

Background: Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis. This leads towards the activation of myofibroblasts in the liver and secretes extracellular matrix proteins that make the fibrous scar. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to characterize the polyphenolic content present in Acacia jacquemontii stem and to evaluate its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Methods: The phenolic contents present in Acacia jacquemontii polyphenolic extract (AJPPE) were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of AJPPE was determined through biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, and ALP) lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL) antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, LPO, GSH, and CAT), anti-fibrotic activity (collagen deposition) and histopathological analysis. Results: HPLC analysis of AJPPE showed the presence of polyphenols including chlorogenic acid, P-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and kaempferol in a remarkable therapeutic range. Results of in-vivo analysis have shown the significant decrease in the level of lipid profile including LDL (low-density lipoprotein), TC (total cholesterol), and triglycerides; liver function markers (AST, ALT, and ALP); collagen deposition and significantly increased the level of anti-oxidative biomarkers (CAT, SOD, LPO, and GSH) by using AJPPE. Conclusion: The above-mentioned results have shown that AJPPE possesses significant anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects. Furthermore, histopathological results also supported the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of AJPPE.

Diabetes mellitus is among the world’s greatest health hazards. Acacia jacquemontii possess numerous traditional therapeutic uses. This study investigated the role of Acacia jacquemontii ethyl acetate extract (AJEAE) in alloxan induced diabetes in rat model. Current study was performed in two parts, in-vitro, through characterization (HPLC), estimation of TFC, TPC, antioxidant (DPPH assay) and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the studied extract, and in vivo on wistar rats in which animals were divided into five groups NC, DC, GL, AJEAE 250mg/kg and AJEAE 500mg/kg. The effects of AJEAE on FBG, serum glucose, insulin, HBA1c, lipid profile, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and oxidative stress markers (LPO, NO, SOD, CAT, GPx) were evaluated. Our findings confirmed the presence of quercitin, kaempferol, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, M-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinamic acid and ferulic acid in AJEAE. TFC and TPC in AJEAE were 83.83 mg GAE/g and 77.06 mg QE/g respectively. Significant inhibition of DPPH and α-amylase activities was exhibited by AJEAE. Alloxan injected rats showed marked hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and increased inflammatory markers levels as compared to normal control. Additionally raised levels of TG, TC, VLDL, LDL, LPO, NO and decreased levels of SOD, CAT and GPx were observed in diabetic rats. AJEAE significantly (p< 0.05) improved the aforementioned parameters and the protective efficacy was comparable to glibenclamide. Histopathological findings also evidenced the anti-hyperglycemic properties of AJEAE through regeneration of pancreatic β cells. Conclusively our findings demonstrated the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and pancreatic beta cells regenerative properties of AJEAE against alloxan induced diabetes.

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Background: Gisekia pharnaceoides Linn. (Aizoaceae), traditionally known as baluka saag or sareli is commonly found in the deep Cholistan region of Pakistan. It is used by native community for the mitigation of a range of diseases, including inflammatory disorders and gastric ulcers. Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the defensive impact of G. pharnaceoides in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice and to discover the mechanism for anti-inflammatory action. Method: The ethanolic crude extract of G. pharnaceoides (Gp.Cr) was prepared and evaluated for phytochemical substances by preliminary screening and HPLC analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity of Gp.Cr (300 and 500 mg/kg) was examined by administration of 200 µl of 7.5% acetic acid intra-rectally to induce ulcerative colitis and colonic mucosal injury, while mucosal homeostasis was evaluated by disease activity index, colonic ulcer score and hematological parameters. Anti-inflammatory potential was quantified by assessing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX-1), lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) immunoassays and further analyzed by histological analysis of colon tissues. Results: Phytochemical screening of Gp.Cr revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins, while HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, coumaric and sinapic acid. In acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model, Gp.Cr (300 and 500 mg/kg) along with sulphasalazine (500 mg/kg) decreased disease activity index, ulcer scores and hematological parameters. Gp.Cr showed a significant anti-inflammatory potential by increasing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing lipid peroxides, nitric oxide and cytokines levels. Histopathological examination showed significant decline in ulceration and tissue disruption. Conclusion: Hence, the findings confirmed the effectiveness of G. pharnaceoides crude extract in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and might be a promising remedy to manage inflammatory disorders.