Pistachio is one of the main horticulture crops in Iran where have the first cultivation and exportation position in the world. Climate change has already affected species distribution shifts in many parts of the world and more impacts are expected for the future, yet few studies have aimed for a general understanding of the regional basis for species vulnerability. In this research meteorology data of four months (December, January, February and March) from 1991 to 2008 and Phenology data of six pistachio cultivars that ranked in 3 groups: early flowering (Kalehghoochi and Ahmadaghaei), mid flowering (Momtaz and Amiri) and late flowering (Akbari and Shahpasand) during summer of 1997, 2001-5, and 2007 were studied in Kerman province. The evaluated factors included leaf area, normal and abnormal leaves. The results showed the mean of temperature on March has significant increasing during 1991 to 2008 and fluctuations between years increased after 1999 in December, January and February. Phenological characters including leaf area and number of normal and abnormal leaves were different each year that abnormality leaves in early and late flowering cultivars had negative correlation with mean temperature of December and mid flowering cultivars had positive correlation with mean temperature of February. The level of leaf area changing in Ahamadaghaei cultivar was less than other cultivars but kallehghoochi and Akbari had the highest range which can probably be a good marker for determining the effects of temperature changes in winter on production level.
Sadeghirad E, Majd A, Iranbakhsh A, Javanshah A. 2018. Male gametophyte development steps in Pistacia vera L. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 151-158. Salinity affects the growth and development of plant. It also affects the development steps of male gametophyte in pistachio plant. Pistachio (Pistachio vera) is a member of family Anacardiaceae and order Sapindales. To study the effects of salinity on those steps, an experiment was performed in two locations in Golshan Anar with commensurate circumstances, namely: a control area (A) which was well-irrigated with fresh water, and the other area (B) which was well-irrigated with salty water added with NaCl solution with EC values of 14 dS.m-1. The flowers sampling was done in two Golshan Anar regions on the springtime based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The development steps of male gametophyte in pistachio plant were observed using conventional cell histology techniques and light microscopy observations and were then contrasted with samples subjected to no salinity stress. The results represented that several steps of male gametophyte development are as follows: (1) the anther experiencing normal growth which is tetrasporangiate, (2) cytokinesis taking place simultaneously with meiosis in the microspore mother cell, the tetrahedral tetrads, (3) microspores being delivered after meiosis by microsporogenesis were more or less irregular in shape during the contraction period. Finally, the abnormal shape and structure of the number of cases reviewed in three replicates of pollens can be one of the significant factors influencing the decline in the product.
Plant growth and development are adversely affected by salinity. In order to study the effects of salinity on male gametophyte development steps in pistachio plant, an experiment was conducted in two areas in Golshan Anar with equal conditions: a control area (A) that was irrigated with fresh water well, and the other area (B) with salty water and EC values 14 dS.m-1 NaCl solution. A sampling of flowers was performed in two areas of Golshan Anar in the spring based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Male gametophyte development steps in pistachio plant were examined using conventional cell histology techniques and light microscopy observations and were then compared with samples subjected to no salinity stress. The results showed that some stages of male gametophyte development: (1) the anther undergoing normal development which is tetrasporangiate, (2) cytokinesis occurring simultaneously with meiosis in the microspore mother cell, the tetrahedral tetrads, (3) microspores being generated after meiosis by microsporogenesis were more or less irregular in shape during the contraction period. Finally, the abnormal shape and structure of the number of cases reviewed in three replicates of pollens studied can be one of the important factors affecting the decrease in the product.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.