The Effect of NaCl on Anther Development in Pistacia vera L.

Abstract

Plant growth and development are adversely affected by salinity. In order to study the effects of salinity on male gametophyte development steps in pistachio plant, an experiment was conducted in two areas in Golshan Anar with equal conditions: a control area (A) that was irrigated with fresh water well, and the other area (B) with salty water and EC values 14 dS.m-1 NaCl solution. A sampling of flowers was performed in two areas of Golshan Anar in the spring based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Male gametophyte development steps in pistachio plant were examined using conventional cell histology techniques and light microscopy observations and were then compared with samples subjected to no salinity stress. The results showed that some stages of male gametophyte development: (1) the anther undergoing normal development which is tetrasporangiate, (2) cytokinesis occurring simultaneously with meiosis in the microspore mother cell, the tetrahedral tetrads, (3) microspores being generated after meiosis by microsporogenesis were more or less irregular in shape during the contraction period. Finally, the abnormal shape and structure of the number of cases reviewed in three replicates of pollens studied can be one of the important factors affecting the decrease in the product.