Global warming affected some morphological characters of Pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.)

Abstract

Pistachio is one of the main horticulture crops in Iran where have the first cultivation and exportation position in the world. Climate change has already affected species distribution shifts in many parts of the world and more impacts are expected for the future, yet few studies have aimed for a general understanding of the regional basis for species vulnerability. In this research meteorology data of four months (December, January, February and March) from 1991 to 2008 and Phenology data of six pistachio cultivars that ranked in 3 groups: early flowering (Kalehghoochi and Ahmadaghaei), mid flowering (Momtaz and Amiri) and late flowering (Akbari and Shahpasand) during summer of 1997, 2001-5, and 2007 were studied in Kerman province. The evaluated factors included leaf area, normal and abnormal leaves. The results showed the mean of temperature on March has significant increasing during 1991 to 2008 and fluctuations between years increased after 1999 in December, January and February. Phenological characters including leaf area and number of normal and abnormal leaves were different each year that abnormality leaves in early and late flowering cultivars had negative correlation with mean temperature of December and mid flowering cultivars had positive correlation with mean temperature of February. The level of leaf area changing in Ahamadaghaei cultivar was less than other cultivars but kallehghoochi and Akbari had the highest range which can probably be a good marker for determining the effects of temperature changes in winter on production level.

Fenologia de amoreira-preta cultivada em recipientes com diferentes substratos

“…Como outras pequenas frutas, a amoreira-preta que se desenvolve em clima temperado, com estações bem diferenciadas, requerem um número de horas de frio durante o período de dormência para um crescimento e floração uniforme na primavera (Fear & Meyer, 1993). O requisito de horas de frio varia entre as cultivares (Dale et al, 2003) e foi descrito como um fator climático básico para a floração e frutificação (Elloumi et al, 2013) que tem um forte efeito nos estádios fenológicos (Javanshah, 2010).…”

Phenology of ‘Tupy’ and ‘Xavante’ blackberries grown in a subtropical area

“…The chilling hour requirement varies among cultivars (Dale et al, 2003), and it has been described as a basic climate factor for flowering and fruit set b Accumulated degree-days from the onset of bud sprouting to the end of harvest. (Elloumi et al, 2013) that has a strong effect on phenological stages (Javanshah, 2010). In subtropical areas, which are colder than the tropics and warmer than temperate zones, it is documented that winter is usually mild to cool and has unpredictable temperatures and no distinct dry season (Lyrene, 2005).…”

Morphological and Phenological Characterizations of Some Male and Female Promising Pistachio Genotypes from an Open-pollinated Population

“…The harvesting date was recorded when the hull was cracked and separated from the shell. Since phenological traits vary with environmental conditions (Javanshah, 2010), data on all of these traits were adjusted to the standard genotype. On this basis, the earliest flowering and harvesting genotype(s) was considered as a reference standard and was thus scored as zero; for all others, the number of days after the reference standard was scored.…”