The development of executive functions (EF) is recognizably correlated to culture, contextual and social factors. However, studies considering all the basic EF are still scarce in Brazil, most notably in the Northeast region, which is known for its social inequality and economic gap. This study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories and structure of four EF, namely inhibition, flexibility, working memory and planning. In addition, the potential effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender were examined. The sample included 230 Brazilian children between 7-12 years old, homogeneously distributed by age, gender and type of school. The EF were assessed through the Brazilian version of the Child Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B). A global effect of age was found for most of the EF measures evaluated. Gender effect was mostly non-significant, except for 4 of the 12 tasks. There was a significant SES effect on 8 tasks, all in favor of private school children. Exploratory factorial and correlation analysis showed a 4-factor EF structure, corroborating the theoretical distribution considered in the CEF-B. A developmental progression is evident in the results for all of the EF measures evaluated. While gender had little influence on EF, SES seems to significantly impact the development of EF. As normative data are still lacking in Northeast Brazil, this study may help to understand EF development trajectories and provide tools for neuropsychological evaluation.
This study aimed to describe the processes of translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Childhood Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B), designed to evaluate executive functions in children and adolescents from 6 to 16 years of age. Six steps were carried out to ensure the quality of the processes: 1. instrument translation into the new language; 2. synthesis of the translated versions; 3. evaluation of the synthesized version by experts; 4. evaluation by the target population; 5. back-translation and 6. pilot study. We sought to ensure the translation and adaptation properties of the CEF-B in terms of semantic, idiomatic, experiential and cultural equivalence between the instructions in the original language and the target language. Results showed preliminary evidence of cultural adequacy and a satisfactory comprehension of the instrument instructions by the target population.
ResumoNa atualidade cresce a preocupação com a neurotoxicidade do tratamento antineoplásico e o neurodesenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o impacto da modalidade de tratamento sobre a capacidade intelectiva de 22 sobreviventes de Tumores de Fossa Posterior e Leucemia Linfóide Aguda com idades entre seis e 14 anos. Participantes com astrocitoma foram submetidos à cirurgia; aqueles com meduloblastoma à cirurgia, à quimioterapia sistêmica e à radioterapia de crânio e neuroeixo (54Gy) e; aqueles com LLA à quimioterapia sistêmica e intratecal. Apenas os participantes com astrocitoma obtiveram desempenho dentro do esperado. Observou-se contrastes estatisticamente signifi cativos entre os grupos, notadamente entre as crianças com meduloblastoma e as demais nos escores não verbais. Sugere-se que a combinação cirurgia, quimioterapia sistêmica e radioterapia potencializou as sequelas cognitivas, e reforça-se a hipótese de que a radioterapia acarreta danos à substância branca. A quimioterapia intratecal associada à sistêmica promoveu impactos signifi cativos sobre o funcionamento executivo. Palavras-chave: Inteligência, leucemia-linfoma linfoblástico de células precursoras, meduloblastoma, astrocitoma, radioterapia. AbstractConcerns about the neurotoxicity of antineoplastic treatment and neurodevelopment are increasing nowadays. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of treatment modality on intellectual functioning of 22 survivors of Posterior Fossa Tumors and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia aged from six to 14 years. The astrocytoma group underwent surgery; the medulloblastoma group underwent surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and cranial and neuraxis radiation (54Gy); the LLA group underwent systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy. Only the astrocytoma group obtained average performance. Signifi cant contrasts were obtained between groups, especially among the medulloblastoma group and others in non-verbal scores. Results suggest that the combination of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy increase the cognitive sequelae and enhance the hypothesis that radiation damages white matter. The association between intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy leads to signifi cant impact on executive functioning. Keywords: Intelligence, precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, radiotherapy.Anteriormente à década de 1960, o prognóstico em termos da sobrevida das crianças com tumores cerebrais e leucemia linfoide aguda era desfavorável, de modo a não serem mencionadas preocupações acerca dos possíveis efeitos adversos tardios decorrentes de seu tratamento. Contudo, se por um lado ao longo dos últimos 30 anos, a sobrevida de crianças com tumores de SNC (sistema * Endereço para correspondência: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Departamento de Psicologia, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brasil 59078-000. Caixa postal: 1622. E-mail: izabel.hazin@gmail.com O presente estudo é fomentado pelo Conselho...
Resumo O presente estudo objetivou investigar os processos de insight em sujeitos com Transtorno de Asperger (TA). Entende-se por insight o conhecimento do próprio diagnóstico e os sentidos construídos a partir deste. O desenvolvimento doinsight é aqui compreendido não como função restrita à vida mental pessoal, mas como fenômeno intersubjetivo, forjado nas relações sociais. O arcabouço teórico que subsidia a presente pesquisa é a perspectiva genética de desenvolvimento avançada pela psicologia histórico-cultural. Para tanto, foram propostas a três díades de pais e adolescentes diagnosticados com TA duas tarefas de produção narrativa que investigaram aspectos relacionados às experiências Asperger. Os resultados sugerem que a característica central dos processos de insight no TA pode ser descrita como disrupção na transição do modo monológico para o modo dialógico de pensamento. Acredita-se que os resultados aqui encontrados contribuem para a compreensão da singularidade e eventicidade da existência e da experiência subjetiva.
Je commence par remercier toutes les personnes qui ont contribué au succès de ce travail et qui m'ont aidé lors de la rédaction de cette thèse.Je voudrais, dans un premier temps, remercier mon Directeur de thèse, M. Arnaud Roy, qui, au cours de ces dernières années, malgré la distance géographique qui nous séparait et son emploi de temps très chargé, a été disponible à tout moment pour accompagner ma réfléxion et calmer mes angoisses. Il a également montré une grande curiosité de mon contexte culturel et à travers ses questions, m'a éclairé sur différents aspects de mon pays.Je remercie également M. Le Gall, qui, depuis mon premier entretien en 2013, m'a donné une chance en acceptant ma candidature en Master 2. Il m'a accompagné durant mon déménagement en France et m'a aidé à intégrer la culture et travailler sur mes lacunes. Tout au long de ce travail de thèse, il a été disponible avec des conseils judicieux qui ont contribué à alimenter mes réflexions.Merci à Amanda et Marie. Nous avons partagé toutes les étapes de ce travail et vous avez été à mon écoute tout en partagant vos expertises respectives. Malgré la distance qui nous separait, vous avez été des amies et des confidentes.Merci à Mme Ghannage et aux étudiants de l'USJ pour l'intérêt porté à cette étude.Merci aux familles et aux enfants qui ont participé à ce travail.Pia, thank you for your mentoring, your support, your faith in my knowledge and expertise, your valuable suggestions expecting nothing in return, and your neverending friendship.Hussein, thank you for your kindness, your help with all those tricky Arabic words, and your availability whenever needed.
RESUMO:O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a habilidade intelectual de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus do Tipo 1 (DM1). Para tanto, foram consideradas as variáveis clínicas: idade ao diagnóstico e exposição a episódios de hipoglicemia. Utilizou-se como medida de avaliação da inteligência o WISC III. 20 crianças com DM1, de ambos os sexos e com idades entre seis a nove anos, participaram do estudo. Os dados obtidos foram interpretados a partir de análises descritivas e inferenciais. Observou-se que 80% dos participantes obtiveram rendimento global classificado dentro da variação normal de inteligência. As pontuações mais baixas obtidas pelas crianças diagnosticadas com DM1 foram identificadas no dominio da Organização Perceptual. A análise do impacto das variáveis clínicas sobre o desenvolvimento da inteligência apontou diferenças significativas entre crianças com início precoce da doença quando comparadas àquelas com início tardío, nos diferentes subtestes que compõem a escala. Os dados sugerem que a DM1 está diretamente relacionada a alterações no funcionamento cognitivo, especialmente em casos de início precoce da doença. Palavras-chave: diabetes mellitus tipo 1, inteligencia, desenvolvimento infantil. _________________________________________________________________________ INTELLIGENCE AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to evaluate the intellectual capacity of children with DM1. We considered the clinical variables: onset of disease and exposure to episodes of severe hypoglycemia. The WISC-III was used for evaluating the intellectual abilities of the participants. 20 children with DM1, of both sexes and aged six to nine years, participated in the study. We carried out the descriptive and inferential analysis of the data. We observed that 80% of the participants had a global performance classified within the normal intelligence range. Considering the four Index Scores, we observed that the children with DM1 obtained their lowest scores on the Perceptual Organization Index. Regarding the possible influence of clinical variables, this study found significant statistical differences between children with early onset of DM1 and late onset in subtests of the WISC-III. These data suggest that DM1 is causally related to alterations in cognitive functioning, especially in cases of early beginning of the disease.
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