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<p>Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) is one of horticulture commodities with high economic value and still need seriously handling especially for increasing fruits quality and quantity. However the production of tomato has not fullfilleed the demand yet. Therefore it is necessary to develop production. On lowland, the issue not only high temperature but also availability of water is unpredictable.This study aimed to investigate the effect of irrigation frequency on the growth of Mutiara, Opal, and Gondol tomato variety. This research was conducted at the Greenhouse Laboratory of the Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University with attitude 95 m asl. Implementation of the research conducted from January to May 2013. This research used completely randomized factorial design with two factors, namely variety of tomato (Gondol, Opal and Mutiara) and watering frequencies (everyday, once in 3 days, once in 6 days, and once in 9 days). The results showed that plant height, number of leaves and number of branches are influenced by the variety of tomato and irrigation frequency, whereas chorophyl content is influenced by the watering frequency. Growth component and chlorophyll content of tomato decreased with increasing irrigation frequency.</p>

Soybean is the basic material for any kind of industry, such as tofu and tempeh industries. Soybean cultivation will be better if use a sustainable agricultural system, such as using organic fertilizers. This research purpose was to find out the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of local soybean. The research used a complete randomized design with one factor which was a variety of organic fertilizers with 6 treatments. Various fertilizers used in this research consist of inorganic fertilizer, liquid organic, compost, cow manure, rabbit urine, chicken manure, and goat manure. Each test unit consists of 4 pots (plants) and each was repeated 4 times. The results showed that the provision of compost and goat manure increased the growth of local soybean plants, include plant height and the number of leaves at 42 DAP and leaf area at 28 DAP. The application of various organic fertilizers (liquid fertilizer, compost, cow manure, goat manure, and rabbit urine) is unable to increase the yield and yield components of local soybeans.

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<p>Soil is an important factor in peanut cultivation as a nutrient provider. In recent years, peanut production has dwindled due to the decrease in soil fertility. Boron as a micronutrient can maximize peanut production through optimum viability of flowers and phosphor as essential nutrients for peanut to improve its pod filling. This study aims to examine the application of boron and phosphor growth and formation of peanut gynophore. The research was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018 in Sambirembe village, Magetan. The experiment uses randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the first factor applied on the dose of boron fertilizer (0, 1, 2 3 kg ha^-1) and the second was on the dose of phosphor fertilizer (0, 75, 100, 150 kg ha^-1), repeated 3 times. Boron application resulted in the highest plant height at the fourth week by 10.45%. The application of 1 kg ha^-1 boron without phosphorus (0 kg ha^-1) yielded the highest gynophore formation, i.e. 42.</p>

Abstract. Choirunnisa JP, Widiyastuti Y, Sakya AT, Yunus A. 2021. Morphological characteristics and flavonoid accumulation of Echinacea purpurea cultivated at various salinity. Biodiversitas 22: 3716-3721. Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is an introduced medicinal plant from North America. E. purpurea has high morphological characteristics on stems, leaves and flowers. This plant has not much cultivated as a raw material for traditional medicine in Indonesia due to not much information about flavonoid accumulation of E. purpurea in this country. The purpose of this research was to study morphological characteristics from three accessions of E. purpurea cultivated with various salinity and to select E. purpurea accessions that have high flavonoid accumulation. This study design using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor is 3 accessions of E. purpurea (E1; E2; E3). The second factor is 4 levels of CaCl2 (0 ppm; 2500 ppm; 5000 ppm; 10000 ppm). The study was conducted by observing the morphological characteristics of stems, leaves flowers, and herb extract and flavonoid accumulation were analyzed using SPSS. The results demonstrated that morphological characteristics are easy to observed on leaf shape and flower color. The highest herb extract with 10.043% and flavonoid accumulation with 0.510% were in accession 2 with the addition of  CaCl2 concentration of 10000 ppm. This study concludes that there are morphological characteristics of E. purpurea cultivated at various salinity and the highest CaCl2 concentration can increase with significance to herb extract and flavonoid accumulation.

Forest plays an important role on reducing the impact of global warming as carbon sink. Forest has an ability to absorb carbon on large scale and store it as biomass. This research was aim to determine the potential of aboveground biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands in Specific Purpose Forest Area (SPFA) of Gunung Bromo. The systematic sampling with random start was used to determine the plot, and the distance between plots were 100 m. In total, there were 35 square plots, 20 × 20 m in size, that had been set up under the pine-mahogany mixture stands. This research was conducted by using non-destructive sampling method by measuring the tree volume. The pine-mahogany stands dominated by the trees with diameter class 20-30 cm. The tree density and stand volume were 431 trees/ha and 229.4 m3/ha. Estimated aboveground biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 equivalent in pine stands were 136.53 ton/ha, 64.17 ton C/ha, and 235.29 ton/ha, while for mahogany stands were 33.01 ton/ha, 15.56 ton C/ha, and 57.04 ton/ha, respectively. Thus, the total biomass and carbon stock in pine-mahogany mixture stands were 169.63 ton/ha and 79.73 ton C/ha. Meanwhile, total CO2-equivalent was 292.23 ton/ha.

<p>Development of seed testing methods needs to be conducted in order to obtain fast, precise and applicable result in the field. The objective of this study was to compare the two rapid test methods of Arabica coffee seed viability, the tetrazolium and radicle emergence tests. The experiment was conducted at Quality Seed Testing Laboratory, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya from beginning of January until March 2018. Three lots of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica var. Sigarar Utang) (Lot A = harvest in 1st week of August, 2017; Lot B = 3rd week of August, 2017; and Lot C = 1st week of September, 2017) were obtained  from Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember. The experiments used completely <em>randomized</em> design with four replications. The result showed that the viability test using TZ was faster (4 days) than using RE (14 days). Regression equation models for estimating seed viability are less precise, while the estimation method of paired sample t-test was sufficient to predict the actual value of the seed viability. Redicle emergence is longer than tetrazolium which is for 14 days. The regression equation model of the radicle emergence is  sufficient to predict the seed physiological quality parameter.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: viability, tetrazolium, radicle emergence, coffee seed</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pengembangan metodologi uji benih untuk memperoleh hasil yang cepat, tepat dan aplikatif di lapangan.  Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan dua metode pengujian viabilitias benih kopi Arabika, yaitu uji tetrazolium dan <em>radicle emergence</em> (kemunculan radikula). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu Benih, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya, mulai bulan Januari sampai Maret 2018. Tiga lot benih kopi Arabika varietas Sigarar Utang (Lot A : panen minggu I bulan Agustus 2017, Lot B : minggu III bulan Agustus 2017, Lot C : minggu I bulan September 2017) diperoleh dari Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor (lot benih) dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian viabilitas kopi dengan metode TZ lebih cepat (4 hari) dibandingkan dengan metode kemunculan radikula (14 hari). Penggunaan model regresi untuk menduga viabilitas biji kurang tepat, sementara penggunaan t-test berpasangan sangat tepat untuk menduga nilai yang sebenarnya dari viabilitas biji. Oleh karena itu, metode pendugaan mutu benih kopi Arabika berdasarkan kemunculan radikula lebih tepat untuk digunakan di lapangan.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: viabilitas, tetrazolium, kemunculan radikula, benih kopi</p>