Aloe vera L. high molecular weight fractions (AHM) containing less than 10 ppm of barbaloin and polysaccharide (MW: 1000 kDa) with glycoprotein, verectin (MW: 29 kDa), were prepared by patented hyper-dry system in combination of freeze-dry technique with microwave and far infrared radiation. AHM produced significant decrease in blood glucose level sustained for 6 weeks of the start of the study. Significant decrease in triglycerides was only observed 4 weeks after treatment and continued thereafter. No deterious effects on kidney and liver functions were apparent. Treatment of diabetic patients with AHM may relief vascular complications probably via activation of immunosystem.

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The n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH-CH 2 Cl 2 (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Egyptian Atriplex halimus L. yielded two new flavonol glycosides, designated as atriplexoside A (1) [3'-O-methylquercetin-4'-O--apiofuranoside-3-O-(6''-O--rhamnopyranosyl--glucopyranoside)] and atriplexoside B (2) [3'-O-methylquercetin-4'-O-(5''''-O--xylopyranosyl--apiofuranoside)-3-O-(6''-O--rhamnopyranosyl--glucopyranoside)], together with six known compounds: two phenolic glucosides (3, 4), one ecdysteroid (5), one megastigmane (6) and two methoxylated flavonoid glycosides (7, 8). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. DPPH radical scavenging, antileishmanial and anti-multidrug resistance activities were investigated using the n-BuOH-soluble fraction as well as the isolated compounds. Compound 8 (5-O-methylquercetin-3-O-(6''-O--rhamnopyranosyl--glucopyranoside) presented marked DPPH radical scavenging, weak antileishmanial and antimultidrug resistance activity while the other tested compounds showed weaker activities.

Given the lack of adequate research on (Dioon spinulosum) Dyer Ex Eichler, this study was conducted focusing on different biological activities and phytochemical investigation of D. spinulosum for the first time. D. spinulosum showed strong protective activity against DNA damage and potent activity against VERO cell line. It also presented antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity. Phytochemical investigation of the leaves resulted in isolation of two new flavonoids, apigenin 7-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (15) and amentoflavone 7-O-α-Lrhamnopyranoside (16) were isolated from Dioon spinulosum leaves in addition to fifteen known compounds: phytone (1), trans-phytol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), oliveriflavone (5), 7,4′,7″,4″′-tetramethylamentoflavone (6), 7,4',7''-trimethylamentoflavone (7), scaidopitysin (8), bilobetin (9), isoginkgetin (10), aromadendrin (11), sotusflavone (12), engeletin (14) and eriocitrin (17) for the first time together with amentoflavone (13). Compounds (11) and (13) displayed very strong cytotoxic activity and showed the highest protective activity against DNA damage.

Aloe vera extracts have antimicrobial and anti-fungal activities, which may be able to treat minor skin infections. In spite of these antimicrobial activities, the inner leaf gel containing acemannan: non-digestible polysaccharide, leads to fermentation with endophytic bacteria and results in bacterial growth promotion, while no short chain fatty acids were detected in the ether extract of the fermentation broth with the rind. Butyric acid was identified by GC/MSD analysis from ether extract of the gel fermentation broth, expecting multiple beneficial effects of butyric acid at intestinal and extra-intestinal level. Present investigation exhibits that daily intake of the butyric acid fermentation extract from Aloe vera inner gel with endophytic bacteria, may provide the possible potential preventive and therapeutic roles in human health.

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Al-Madboly et al. Circular Bacteriocin From Enterococcus thailandicusFurthermore, areas of positive charges were due to the presence of 6 lysine residues resulting in a net positive charge of +4 on the bacteriocin surface. Based on the above mentioned results, our characterized bacteriocin is a promising agent to target liver cancer without any significant toxic effects on normal cell lines.