The use of drugs among adolescents/youth often results in a high degree of distress for the family members who live with them. This in turn can lead to a deterioration of mental (psychological) health, hindering any attempt to successfully cope with the situation. The goal of our research was to study the effect of the Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) program on parents of adolescents/young adult drug users. Study volunteers (n = 50) were parents from Valencia (Spain) that were divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 25) was made up of parents whose sons and daughters exhibited problems with drug use and the constructed noncausal baseline group (n = 25) was made up of parents whose sons and daughters did not show any substance abuse problems. For both groups, self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI), and anger (STAXI-II) were evaluated before and after the application of the CRAFT program. Results show a significant improvement in the experimental group's self-esteem, depression, and anger state and a decrease in negative moods. These changes in parents produce a positive effect on their substance-using sons and daughters: of the 25 participants, 15 contacted specialized addiction treatment resources for the first time.

The aim of the study was to show whether there was a connection between drug use and Eating Disorders, as well as to identify the type of drugs most widely used and to ascertain whether they are used to suppress appetite. An "ad hoc" scale was developed using the items of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale, whose aim is to detect cases at risk of certain types of eating disorder, and items for assessing drug use. This scale was applied to samples of teenagers (n=446) aged 13-18 from various secondary schools in the Valencia Region (Comunidad Valenciana) in Spain. An association was found between teenagers that use drugs, and particularly between the variable "use of some kind of drug as an appetite suppressant," and being at risk of having an eating disorder. Tobacco was the drug most commonly used (accounting for 66% of those within the risk threshold of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale). We conclude that those teenagers from the sample who fall within any of the risk thresholds consume more drugs than those who do not fall within the risk threshold of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Stimulant-type drugs are those most widely used by these teenagers with the aim of suppressing appetite.

El tabaco es la segunda droga más utilizada por los adolescentes. Objetivo. Analizar la influencia de diferentes agentes de socialización: padres y compañeros, en el uso y en la intención de uso por los adolescentes. Método: Estudio transversal en ámbito escolar. N=5,828 jóvenes (50.2% chicos, 49.8% chicas) estudiantes de Centros de Educación Secundaria (media de edad=14.15). Medidas: Consumo auto-informado de cigarrillos, actitudes hacia el tabaco y uso de tabaco por el grupo de influencia. Resultados: El consumo de tabaco por los compañeros es la variable que más incrementa la probabilidad y la intención de uso. Fumar es más probable entre los sujetos cuyos amigos fuman (odds ratio 7.16, I.C. 95% 5,5-9,3), que entre aquellos cuyos amigos no son fumadores. Conclusiones: La conducta de los compañeros juega un papel predominante en el inicio y mantenimiento del hábito tabáquico. Las chicas son más vulnerables a la influencia social. En consecuencia, la probabilidad de uso o intención de uso es mayor entre las chicas que entre los chicos ante la presencia de amigo/as que fuman. AbstractTobacco is the second most commonly used drug among adolescents. Aim. The aim is to analyse the influence of different socializing agents: parents and peers, in the use and the intention of use among adolescents. Methods. Cross-sectional study in a school setting in Spain. 5,828 youngsters (50.2% males, 49.8% females) recruited in Secondary Education Centres (mean age 14.15). Main outcome measures: Self-reported tobacco use (ever and current use of cigarettes), attitudes toward tobacco and influence groups tobacco use. Findings. There is a relative importance of parent influence to adolescent smoking onset. Peer tobacco use is the variable that increases the most the probability of use. Smoking is more likely among those subjects whose friends smoke (odds ratio 7.16, 95% confidence interval 5,5 - 9,3), than among those whose friends are non-smokers. Conclusions. Peer behaviour plays a predominant role in the onset and regular use of tobacco. Girls are more vulnerable to social pressure, the use or intention to use increases more sharply among girls in the presence of friends who smoke than among boys.