This paper presents a Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter (HSAPF) optimized by hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Grey Wolf Optimization (PSO-GWO) and Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (FOPIDC) for reactive power and harmonic compensation under balance and unbalance loading conditions. Here, the parameters of FOPID controller are tuned by PSO-GWO technique to mitigate the harmonics. Comparing Passive with Active Filters, the former is tested to be bulky and design is complex and the later is not cost effective for high rating. Hence, a hybrid structure of shunt active and passive filter is designed using MATLAB/Simulink and in real time experimental set up. The compensation process for shunt active filter is different from predictable methods such as (p-q) or (i d -i q ) theory, in which only the source current is to be sensed. The performance of the proposed controller is tested under different operating conditions such as steady and transient states and indices like Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Input Power Factor (IPF), Real Power (P) and Reactive Power (Q) are estimated and compared with that of other controllers. The parameters of FOPIDC and Conventional PID Controller (CPIDC) are optimized by the techniques such as PSO, GWO and hybrid PSO-GWO. The comparative simulation/experiment results reflect the better performance of PSO-GWO optimized FOPIDC based HSAPF with respect to PSO/GWO optimized FOPIDC/CPIDC based HSAPF under different operating conditions.INDEX TERMS Fractional order proportional-integral-derivative controller (FOPIDC), harmonic compensation, hybrid shunt active power filter (HSAPF), particle swarm optimization-grey wolf optimization (PSO-GWO), power quality.

ABSTRACT:The article describes the preparation of cast acrylic sheets by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) with varying mole fractions of N-o-chlorophenyl maleimide (OC), N-m-chlorophenyl maleimide (MC), and N-p-chlorophenyl maleimide (PC) using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The effect of incorporation of varying mole fraction of N-chlorophenyl maleimides in poly(methyl methacrylate) backbone on the optical, physicomechanical, and thermal properties of cast acrylic sheets were evaluated. Vicat softening temperature, glass transition temperature ( T g ) and thermal stability of the copolymers increased with an increase in the maleimide content. The solar transmittance and percentage of transmittance of the copolymer sheets having low mole fractions of N-chlorophenyl maleimides (i.e., 0.025-0.085) were found to be comparable with that of PMMA. Further increase in the comonomer content resulted in a decrease in the percentage of transmittance. Copolymer sheets having low mole fractions of N-chlorophenyl maleimides (0.025-0.108) have tensile strength comparable to that of PMMA, whereas the percentage of elongation decreased. Tensile modulus increased with increasing mole fraction of N-chlorophenyl maleimides.

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In this research work annealed AISI 1080 steel bars are subjected to a typical combined cyclic heat treatment involving two cycles. The first cycle consist of inserting the specimen in an electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 775 8C (in fully austenitic region) and holding for a short duration (6 min), followed by forced air cooling to the room temperature. In second cycle holding temperature and time being same, the specimen is subjected to oil quenching. Such a typical combined thermal cycling results in the evolution of a novel microstructure that comprises of submicroscopic cementite spheroids and fine microscopic cementite clusters in a matrix of martensite. Accordingly, very high hardness (894 HV) is achieved which envisaged a new heat treatment route of the development of plain carbon tool steel.