Regional earth system modelling framework for CORDEX-SA: an integrated model assessment for Indian summer monsoon rainfall

Kumar, Pankaj; Mishra, Alok Kumar; Dubey, Aditya Kumar; Javed, Aaquib; Saharwardi, Md. Saquib; Kumari, Amita; Sachan, Disha; Cabos, William; Jacob, Daniela; Sein, Dmitry V.

doi:10.1007/s00382-022-06217-0

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Within the framework of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), a regional earth system model comprising of REgional atmospheric MOdel (REMO), Max Planck Institute's Ocean Model (MPIOM), and a hydrological discharge (HD) model, coupled using OASIS coupler, has been developed for the CORDEX-SA (South-Asia) domain for climate change studies. This setup is called the Regional Earth System Model (RESM; Kumar et al, 2022). The proper description of cryospheric processes is essential for simulating the complete terrestrial water cycle in climate models, especially for the high mountain regions.…”

Section: Climate Models Based Mass Balance Of Karakoram-himalayan Gla...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

et al. 2022

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The Himalaya plays a vital role in regulating the freshwater availability for nearly a billion people living in the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra River basins. Due to climate change and constantly evolving human-hydrosphere interactions, including land use/cover changes, groundwater extraction, reservoir or dam construction, water availability has undergone significant change, and is expected to change further in the future. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the hydrological cycle over the Himalaya and its river basins has been one of the most critical exercises toward ensuring regional water security. However, due to the lack of extensive in-situ measurements, complex hydro-climatic environment, and limited collaborative efforts, large gaps in our understanding exist. Moreover, there are several significant issues with available studies, such as lack of consistent hydro-meteorological datasets, very few attempts at integrating different data types, limited spatiotemporal sampling of hydro-meteorological measurements, lack of open access to in-situ datasets, poorly accounted anthropogenic climate feedbacks, and limited understanding of the hydro-meteorological drivers over the region. These factors result in large uncertainties in our estimates of current and future water availability over the Himalaya, which constraints the development of sustainable water management strategies for its river catchments hampering our preparedness for the current and future changes in hydro-climate. To address these issues, a partnership development workshop entitled “Water sEcurity assessment in rIvers oriGinating from Himalaya (WEIGH),” was conducted between the 07th and 11th September 2020. Based on the intense discussions and deliberations among the participants, the most important and urgent research questions were identified. This white paper synthesizes the current understanding, highlights, and the most significant research gaps and research priorities for studying water availability in the Himalaya.

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Section: Climate Models Based Mass Balance Of Karakoram-himalayan Gla...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

et al. 2022

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“…Coupling primarily affects the sea surface temperature and heat fluxes and removes both positive and negative biases, which are present in the uncoupled models [2][3][4][5]. Air-sea coupling indirectly affects precipitation [6,7] and ocean characteristics (e.g., [8]), including ocean currents [3]. The main positive coupling effect is found in the tropics, especially in the Indian Ocean region when modeling the monsoon and associated precipitation (e.g., [7,9]), and also in the East Asian monsoon region [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air-sea coupling indirectly affects precipitation [6,7] and ocean characteristics (e.g., [8]), including ocean currents [3]. The main positive coupling effect is found in the tropics, especially in the Indian Ocean region when modeling the monsoon and associated precipitation (e.g., [7,9]), and also in the East Asian monsoon region [10]. Benefits of coupling have also been found in Europe (e.g., [11,12]) and for sea ice modeling in the Arctic [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the effect of model coupling for both regional climate and weather events sometimes is not obvious [4,12,20,25,26]. The results of coupled modeling still could give biased values [7,27]. Therefore, the added value of the coupled simulations is still arguable (given the relative high cost of such simulations), and for each region and for each phenomenon sensitivity experiments are needed to reveal the impact of the model coupling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the conditions of the Novaya Zemlya bora, the following processes, caused by air-sea interaction, are expected: (1) the formation of young and steep waves with high roughness; (2) strong mechanical mixing of the upper layer of the ocean due to strong wind and waves; (3) intense turbulent heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere and evaporation of moisture from the ocean surface due to high wind speed and low air temperature and humidity; (4) cooling and salinization of the upper layer of the ocean due to heat exchange with the atmosphere and increased evaporation and (5) the resulting intensification of convective mixing in the ocean, as well as (6) water densification; (7) modification of ocean currents. Some impact of air-sea interaction during bora on the Atlantic waters could be expected, since one of the branches of the warm current flows not too far from NZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Novaya Zemlya Bora on the Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Exchange and Ocean Circulation: A Case-Study with the Coupled Model

Шестакова

Debolskiy

2022

Atmosphere

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Novaya Zemlya bora is a strong downslope windstorm in the east of the Barents Sea. This paper considers the influence of the Novaya Zemlya bora on the turbulent heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean and on processes in the ocean. Another goal of this study is to demonstrate the sensitivity of simulated turbulent fluxes during bora to model coupling between atmosphere, ocean and sea waves. In this regard, a high-resolution numerical simulation of one winter bora episode was carried out using the COAWST (Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) modeling system, which includes the atmospheric (WRF-ARW model), oceanic (ROMS model), and sea waves (SWAN model) components. As shown by the simulation results, in the fully coupled experiment, turbulent heat exchange is enhanced in comparison with the uncoupled experiment (by 3% on average over the region). This is due to the atmosphere-sea-waves interaction, and the results are highly sensitive to the choice of roughness parameterization. The influence of the interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic components on turbulent fluxes in this episode is small on average. Bora has a significant impact on the processes in the ocean directly near the coast, forming a strong coastal current and making a decisive contribution to the formation of dense waters. In the open sea, the bora, or rather, the redistribution of the wind and temperature fields caused by the orography of Novaya Zemlya, leads to a decrease in ocean heat content losses due to a decrease in turbulent heat exchange in comparison with the experiment with flat topography.

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Regional earth system model for CORDEX‐South Asia: A comparative assessment of RESM and ESM over the tropical Indian Ocean

Kumar

Mallick

Mishra

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Understanding climate variability requires good quality high resolution spatially and temporally varying ocean fields due to its decisive role in regulating the region's climate, including the Indian summer monsoon. In this regard, we employed a new high-resolution regional earth system model (RESM), namely ROM over CORDEX South Asia. We demonstrated the performance of the RESM and its added value over the global earth system model, namely MPI-ESM, in simulating the hydrographic characteristics and associated mechanism over the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). ROM shows better skill than MPI-ESM in simulating the near-surface and subsurface characteristics of the ocean. However, larger added values are noticed for subsurface (>350 m) thermal structure. MPI-ESM's cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias is reduced in ROM which is associated with weaker winds, anomalous cyclonic wind stress curl, enhanced stratifications, and a shallower mixed layer, resulting in greater upper-ocean heating. The reduced SST bias is also consistent with improved ocean meridional heat transport (OMHT) in ROM. For example, reduced southward export of OMHT over the Arabian Sea increases the surface warming by 4%, reducing the RMSE by 0.2-0.6 C and becoming closer to observation. The anomalous cyclonic wind stress curl, in turn, caused mixed layer stratifications in the western Indian Ocean. The advective heat transfer from the south-eastern Indian Ocean to the western Indian Ocean reduced oceanic cooling by vertical processes, overcame the cooling by the net loss of surface heat fluxes, and favoured the TIO's surface warming.

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Regional earth system modelling framework for CORDEX-SA: an integrated model assessment for Indian summer monsoon rainfall

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

Challenges in Understanding the Variability of the Cryosphere in the Himalaya and Its Impact on Regional Water Resources

Impact of the Novaya Zemlya Bora on the Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Exchange and Ocean Circulation: A Case-Study with the Coupled Model

Regional earth system model for CORDEX‐South Asia: A comparative assessment of RESM and ESM over the tropical Indian Ocean

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