Introduction: The impact of sub-acute administration of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) to the liver and kidney function and its reversibility had been studied on rats. Methods: Rats at the aged of 2-3 months and the bodyweight of ±250 g were treated with water solution of purified gambier at the dose of 5 mg/kg10 and 20 mg/kg for 7 to 14 consecutive days. Plasma ALP, AST activities, creatinine clearance, liver and kidney ratios were determined on the day 1, 7, 14 one week after the doses stopped. All data on each parameter were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple T-test and significance was taken at p<0.05. Results: The results showed that all parameters was not affected significantly (p>0.1), except ALT activity and liver organ ratio decreased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that purified gambier is relatively non-toxic to the liver and the kidney of the rats at doses of 5-20 mg/kg BW for 14 days.
The impact of Cassytha filiformis butanol fraction to the pregnancy and fetal development had been conducted. The fertilized mice were treated withbutanol fraction of C. filiformis at doses of 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 mg/kg of body weight (BW) orally for 5 consecutive days during first, second, and thirdperiods of pregnancy. Parent BW was monitored and the fetal number, BW, death and/or resorptive site and defect were measured. ANOVA followedby Duncan multiple range test (significance at p<0.05) was performed to analyze data. The parent weight was reduced according to fraction doseand the period of pregnancy and the interaction of those factors (p<0.01). Only one mouse treated during the first period became pregnant with lessfetus number (p<0.05) but all of treated during the second and third period but death, resorptive site and underdeveloped fetus were found. Theseindicated the butanol fraction of C. filiformis produced infertility and slowed pregnancy development and produce fetal defect on mice.
Purified gambir proved to have many pharmacological activities and has the potential to be developed into standardized herbal medicines. This study was conducted to determine the safety of purified gambir to liver histology. A total of 30 female white rats were used which divided into four groups: one control group and three test groups treated with purified gambir at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kgbw orally for 14 days, respectively. On the scheduled days, three animals from each group were killed for liver histological examination. The degree of liver damage and liver organ ratio in this study where were measured. The reversibility of liver damage was observed from the change in the value of the damage degree, and liver organ ratio after the administration of gambir was stopped. Data were analyzed using twoway ANOVA followed by Duncan (significance was taken at p<0.05). The administration of purified gambir in rats for 14 days at tested groups caused significant liver tissue damage (p<0.05). In this situation, the degree of tissue damage increased, and the liver organ ratio decreased in all tested groups. After the administration was stopped, the liver damage degree decreased insignificantly, while the liver organ ratio is significantly increased.
Teratogenic test of anti-mosquito coils containing transfluthrin has been conducted on fetus of laboratory mice. Pregnant mice had been given anti-mosquito exposure by inhalation of anti-mosquito coils smoke during the period of organogenesis which begins from the sixth to the fifteenth day of pregnancy. Laparactomy was conducted on the eighteenth day of pregnancy, then two-thirds of the fetus is immersed in a solution of red-alizarin and the remaining in Bouin's solution. The results showed that the fetus with two times of exposure to anti-mosquito coils smoke leads to resorption tread and slower fetal growth. At three times of exposure, showing slower fetal growth, fatality when the laparactomi was conducted, haemorrhage and anencephaly. At four times of the exposure can cause slower fetal growth, fatality on laparactomy and haemorrhage. Exposure to anti-mosquito coils smoke can also lead to reducing weight of the mice and fetus significantly.
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