No abstract

The defibrillation of lignocellulosic matter from pea waste using a dual approach of twin-screw extrusion and microwave hydrothermal treatment (MHT) in the presence of water alone from to 200 o C is reported. Gradual "scissoring" of biomass macrofibres to microfibrils was observed alluding to the Hy-MASS (Hydrothermal Microwave-assisted Selective Scissoring) concept. The morphology and properties of two types of MFC: PEA (non-extruded) and EPEA (extruded) were compared. The EPEA samples gave higher crystallinity index and thermal stability, reduced lignin and hemicellulose content, narrower fibril width, better water holding capacity slightly and higher surface area compared with their non-extruded counterparts (PEA). Twin screw extrusion as a pretreatment method followed by MHT represents a potential way to produce microfibrillated cellulose with improved physical performance from complex biomass sources.

No abstract

Lignocellulose based nanomaterials are emerging green biosolids commonly obtained from wood pulp. Alternative feedstocks, such as as unavoidable food waste, are interesting resources for nano/microfibers. This research reports the production and characterization of microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) from cassava peel (CP) and almond hull (AH) via acid-free microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment (MHT) at different temperatures (120–220 °C). During processing, the structural changes were tracked by ATR-IR, TGA, XRD, 13C CPMAS NMR, zeta potential, HPLC, elemental analysis (CHN; carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen), TEM and SEM analyses. The microwave processing temperature and nature of feedstock exerted a significant influence on the yields and properties of the MFLCs produced. The MFLC yields from CP and AH shifted by 15–49% and 31–73%, respectively. Increasing the MHT temperature substantially affected the crystallinity index (13–66% for CP and 36–62% for AH) and thermal stability (300–374 °C for CP and 300–364 °C for AH) of the MFLCs produced. This suggested that the MFLC from CP is more fragile and brittle than that produced from AH. These phenomena influenced the gelation capabilities of the fibers. AH MFLC pretreated with ethanol at low temperature gave better film-forming capabilities, while untreated and heptane pretreated materials formed stable hydrogels at solid concentration (2% w/v). At high processing temperatures, the microfibrils were separated into elementary fibers, regardless of pretreatment or feedstock type. Given these data, this work demonstrates that the acid-free MHT processing of CP and AH is a facile method for producing MFLC with potential applications, including adsorption, packaging and the production of nanocomposites and personal care rheology modifiers. Graphic abstract

Abstrak: Penyedia energi saat ini masih didominasi oleh sumber energi yang tidak dapat diperbaharui seperti Abstrak: Pemanfaatan batang pisang dan ampas teh yang berpotensi sebagai adsorben dan anti mikroba pada pengolahan limbah cair telah dilakukan pengolahan air limbah CANTINAMIPA Unpad secara alami dengan cara perendaman batang pisang dan ampas teh selama 2, 4, 6 dan 8 jam. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, meningkatnya nilai konduktivitas menunjukan desopsi ion elektrolit yang dengan diikuti penuruan pH seiring lamanya perendaman. Jumlah koloni total bakteri menurun setelah perendaman dengan batang pisang selama 2 jam sebesar 61,09%, akan tetapi semakin lama perendaman jumlah koloni bakteri meningkat. Secara estetika air, hasil organoleptis terjadi penurunan warna, kekeruhan dan bau air limbah setelah perendaman 6 jam. Respon terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman mangkokan pada media air hasil olahan perendaman batang pisang dan ampas teh selama 2 jam menunjukan adaptasi yang baik selama 21 hari dilihat dari muncul akar baru dan layu daun dibandingkan pada media air limbah sebagai kontrol.Kata kunci : batang pisang, ampas teh, limbah cair Abstract: Utilization of banana stems and dreg tea potential as adsorbent and anti-microbial in wastewater treatment has been conducted wastewater treatment of Cantinamipa Unpad naturally by soaking the banana stems and tea dregs for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. Results of observation, increasing conductivity values indicated desorption ion electrolyte followed by a decrease in pH along the length of immersion. Total number of bacteria

The depletion of fossil fuels is a worldwide problem that has led to the discovery of alternative energy sources. Solar energy is the focus of numerous studies due to its huge potential power and environmentally friendly nature. Furthermore, one such area of study is the production of hydrogen energy by engaging photocatalysts using the photoelectrochemical (PEC) method. 3-D ZnO superstructures are extensively explored, showing high solar light-harvesting efficiency, more reaction sites, great electron transportation, and low electron-hole recombination. However, further development requires the consideration of several aspects, including the morphological effects of 3D-ZnO on water-splitting performance. This study reviewed various 3D-ZnO superstructures fabricated through different synthesis methods and crystal growth modifiers, as well as their advantages and limitations. Additionally, a recent modification by carbon-based material for enhanced water-splitting efficiency has been discussed. Finally, the review provides some challenging issues and future perspectives on the improvement of vectorial charge carrier migration and separation between ZnO as well as carbon-based material, using rare earth metals, which appears to be exciting for water-splitting.

No abstract

Abstrak: Salah satu pilihan pengelolaan obesitas adalah memperlambat absorbsi asam lemak dengan cara menginhibisi enzim lipase dalam saluran pencernaan. Inhibitor lipase pankreas dilaporkan telah berhasil dalam pengelolaan terapi obesitas. Senyawa aktif dalam Jati Belanda dan kedelai dapat berfungsi sebagai inhibitor lipase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktifitas lipase dari ekstrak etanol kedelai Detam 1 (EEKD), daun Jati Belanda (EEJB), kombinasi serta hasil fraksionasinya menggunakan metode standar dan modifikasi. Uji aktifitas lipase terhadap EEKD, EEJB, kombinasinya serta fraksi etil asetat, air dan n-heksana menggunakan kit Lipase Liquicolor (HUMAN ® ) dengan prinsip kolorimetri, menggunakan spektrofotometer 580 nm. Metode modifikasi menggunakan 96 well plate, microplate reader 630 nm. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa aktifitas inhibitor lipase tertinggi didapatkan pada sampel kombinasi EEKD:EEJB perbandingan 1:2, baik menggunakan metode standar maupun metode modifikasi; fraksi yang mengandung aktifitas inhibitor lipase paling tinggi adalah fraksi air kedelai Detam 1 (KD-1) dan air Jati Belanda (JB) pada 100 ppm, serta aktifitas lipase dalam fraksi air JB lebih tinggi dari fraksi air KD-1. Kata kunci: aktivitas lipase, kedelai Detam 1, Jati Belanda ABSTRACT: Pancreatic lipase inhibitors are reported to have been used successfuly in obesity therapy. The active compounds contained in Jati Belanda leaves and soybeans can act as a lipase inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine the lipase activity of the ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybeans (EEDS), of Jati Belanda leaves (EEJB), of the two extracts combined, and of the fractions of individual extract