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process is offered as explanation and strongly supported by leading biologists. I consider the high values of the energy of activation reported here as incompatible with this view and as a support for those theories which postulate chemical processes as being responsible for the specific changes in permeability of conducting membranes during activity. Detection, by in vitro serological techniques, of circulating antibodies directed against penicillin has not been reported.In the past few months, however, sera from certain individuals have been encountered which appear to react specifically against penicillin. It is the purpose of this report to describe the system in which this reaction is demonstrable and to report studies on the characteristics and specificity of the antibody.Addition of penicillin to erythrocyte suspensions is frequently a routine procedure in the preparation and preservation of red cells used in specificity panels in blood-bank laboratories. In August 1957, during routine testing, the serum of a prospective transfusion recipient was found to agglutinate all of such a panel process is offered as explanation and strongly supported by leading biologists. I consider the high values of the energy of activation reported here as incompatible with this view and as a support for those theories which postulate chemical processes as being responsible for the specific changes in permeability of conducting membranes during activity.