Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fenologia em função da temperatura do ar e a qualidade de frutos de acessos de Physalis spp. visando sua potencial utilização em programas de melhoramento genético. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - campus Chapecó, SC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 67 acessos de Physalis spp. Foram avaliados componenetes fenológicos em três períodos diferentes, observando o (1) número de dias decorridos desde a emissão do botão floral à antese, (2) dias decorridos da antese à fixação de frutos e (3) número de dias para a emissão de nós. Com os dados de temperatura do ar, foi calculada a soma térmica (GD) necessária para alcançar o início de cada evento fenológico. No que tange às variáveis produtivas, foram analisadas a massa de fruto com cálice (g), massa de fruto sem cálice (g), sólidos solúveis (°Brix) e o volume médio de fruto (cm3). Os dados fenológicos foram submetidos a análises descritivas enquanto que os dados produtivos, à Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA – Principal Components Analysis). O primeiro período de observação (06 a 30 de janeiro) resultou em menor número de dias necessários para o aparecimento de nós e para atingir a frutificação à partir da floração. A presença do cálice nos frutos aumentou sensivelmente a massa média do fruto em aproximadamente 0,45 g. A temperatura influencia o ciclo fenológico dos 67 acessos de Physalis os quais, por sua vez, se diferenciam no que diz respeito à qualidade de frutos.

Molecular characterization of a given set of maize germplasm could be useful for understanding the use of the assembled germplasm for further improvement in a breeding program, such as analyzing genetic diversity, selecting a parental line, assigning heterotic groups, creating a core set of germplasm and/or performing association analysis for traits of interest. In this study, we used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to assess the genetic variability in a set of doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from the unselected Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population, denoted as C0 (BSSS(R)C0), the seventeenth cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection in BSSS (BSSS(R)C17), denoted as C17 and the cross between BSSS(R)C0 and BSSS(R)C17 denoted as C0/C17. With the aim to explore if we have potentially lost diversity from C0 to C17 derived DH lines and observe whether useful genetic variation in C0 was left behind during the selection process since C0 could be a reservoir of genetic diversity that could be untapped using DH technology. Additionally, we quantify the contribution of the BSSS progenitors in each set of DH lines. The molecular characterization analysis confirmed the apparent separation and the loss of genetic variability from C0 to C17 through the recurrent selection process. Which was observed by the degree of differentiation between the C0_DHL versus C17_DHL groups by Wright’s F-statistics (FST). Similarly for the population structure based on principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation among groups of DH lines. Some of the progenitors had a higher genetic contribution in C0 compared with C0/C17 and C17 derived DH lines. Although genetic drift can explain most of the genetic structure genome-wide, phenotypic data provide evidence that selection has altered favorable allele frequencies in the BSSS maize population through the reciprocal recurrent selection program.

The objective was to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of different peach rootstock genotypes in subtropical climate in an experiment in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Twenty-one rootstocks under the scion cultivar 'BRS Libra' and one genotype from self-rooted nursery trees were evaluated. The 22 genotypes were evaluated as fruit set and fruit yield in the growing seasons 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18. Adaptability and stability were measured by the GGE biplot method. In the four years of evaluation, plants from self-rooted nursery trees had higher fruit set, yield as well as greater stability. On the other hand, the instability of plants grown on rootstocks from species other than the scion cultivar was greater. It can be concluded that under the tested conditions, the self-rooted genotype of 'BRS Libra' is a potential alternative for peach growers.

Belonging to the family Myrtaceae, 'sete capotes' is a plant native to the Atlantic Forest biome. It produces yellow-green fruits between February and May. Although used for consumption by local populations, studies of the fruit are rare. The present work aimed at characterize the fruit in terms of physicochemical properties. We quantified mass, volume, moisture, pulp yield, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity, proteins, lipids, total sugars, reducing sugars, ash, macronutrients, micronutrients, pectin, vitamin C and phenolic compounds. Compared with commercial fruits and other native fruit trees, sete capotes is unusual for its pulp yield, vitamin C levels, total phenolic compound content, protein levels, calcium content, potassium levels and iron content. Through the results it is verified of the fruit as a functional food, mainly because of its nutritive content and because of its bioactive compounds. Our data emphasize the importance of study of the constituents of native flora. absorbent paper, packed in polyethylene bags and frozen at -20ºC until analysis. Prior to analysis, the fruits were removed from refrigerator, and juice was extracted by manual pressing through a sieve. We also obtained flour from pulped and oven-dried fruits at 55ºC that were ground in a mill. The variables analyzed are described below, taking into account that humidity, pH, SS/AT ratio, lipids, total sugars, ash and vitamin C were quantified according to the methodology proposed by the Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008).Volume and mass: For mass determination, we used a semi-analytical balance (Mars AD430). The volume was measured by an indirect method: Fruits were immersed in a known quantity of distilled water, using graduated cylinder to observe the displacement of the liquid. The mean value of mass and volume of the samples were expressed as grams and cm 3 .Humidity: Was used to determine the percent moisture content, and the percentage humidity was calculated by the loss of water by desiccation of fruits after 48 hours in an oven at 55ºC.Pulp yield and number of seeds per fruit: The calculation of pulp yield was performed according to the methodology of Santos, Lima, Petkowicz, and Candido (2013), comparing fruit weight before and after seed removal. The mean value of yield was expressed as a percentage, as was the mean number of seeds in fruits.PH: The pH of the juice diluted 1:10 in distilled water was measured with the aid of a calibrated pH meter (MSTecnopon-MPA210).Titratable acid -TA: Consisting of titrating juice diluted 1:10 with a standard solution of 0.1 N NaOH to pH 8.2. The results were expressed as grams of citric acid per 100 mL.Determination of soluble solids by refractometry -SS: The analysis of soluble solids by refractometry was performed on an Abbé-type bench refractometer (BEL-RTM). Readings were performed on fruits at the same maturation stage, and the results were expressed in Brix degrees.SS/TA ratio: Based on the calculation of the SS/TA ratio (Brix degrees divided by the value of Titrata...

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The goal of this work was to evaluate blackberry cultivars in terms of productivity and bioactive compounds. Two experiments were conducted: in the first experiment four cultivars were evaluated (Cherokee, Guarani, BRS-Tupy and Xavante). In the second experiment, the effects of pruning management in the BRS-Tupy cultivar were evaluated with the following treatments: drastic winter pruning (zero primocane), and maintenance of two, three or four primocanes in the winter pruning. Vegetative, productive and fruit quality characteristics were determined, including measurement of bioactive compounds. Among the cultivars, the cultivar BRS-Tupy was superior in terms of productive characteristics, but for content of anthocyanins and flavonoids, the cultivar Xavante stood out (191.97 and 68.44 mg 100 g-1 , respectively). Drastic winter pruning produced lower fruit quality. The number of primocanes has a directly proportional influence on the soluble solids content and productivity component. For farmers who want fruits with greater levels of bioactive compounds, the use of cultivar Xavante is recommended; however, for those who aim for productive aspects, we suggest the use of cultivar BRS-Tupy with four primocanes per plant.

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Among other factors, climate and management may also affect the development and behavior of blackberry, providing different results on cultivars. Therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological performance of blackberry cultivars and plants conducted with different numbers of primocane. Two experiments were carried out, the first one consisted of the evaluation of four blackberry cultivars: BRS Tupy, Cherokee, BRS Xavante and Guarani, for the second experiment, with the cultivar BRS Tupy, different numbers of primocane were evaluated: drastic pruning of winter, two, three and four primary primocane also conducted in the traditional system. The phenological aspects evaluated in the two experiments were: beginning, end and duration of flowering and harvest. Considering the results obtained, a great difference can be observed between the productive cycles in relation to the period of flowering and harvest, being more extensive in the first cycle. The phenological aspects of the tested cultivars are affected by the climatic factors observed during the evaluations, thus presenting variations between the two years. During the first cycle, only plants subjected to drastic pruning did not reach the same production period as plants submitted to other treatments. Among the tested cultivars 'BRS Tupy' and 'Cherokee' they maintained the highest harvesting periods, even though they presented a great variation between the cycles. Young plants of the cultivar BRS Tupy present a restricted harvest period.