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BackgroundReproductive efficiency after hydrometra (HD) treatment is usually unsatisfactory.MethodsTo identify mechanisms involved in low reproductive efficiency of HD-treated goats, pluriparous dairy goats treated for HD (n=10, HD) or with no reproductive disorders (n=11, control: CONT) were induced to oestrus and superovulated. Goats were mated with fertile bucks and seven days after oestrus, non-surgical embryo recovery was performed. Embryos were evaluated and gene expression was performed.ResultsThere were no differences (P>0.05) in sexual behaviour parameters, superovulation response, mean number of retrieved structures and viable embryos between groups; although embryo recovery rate was higher (P=0.01) in CONT group. Structures in delayed stage (8–16 cells) were more frequent (P<0.05) in HD (29 vs 1 per cent) goats, as well as the percentage of advanced embryos was greater (P<0.05) for CONT (59.3 vs 33.3 per cent) goats. However, the expression of genes related to apoptosis (BAX and Bcl-2), trophectoderm differentiation (CDX2) and pluripotency maintenance (NANOG) was not affected (P>0.05) in embryos that reached the morulae and blastocyst stages.ConclusionAlthough the HD embryos that developed to morula and blastocyst stages showed no change in the expression of genes related to their quality and implantation capacity, overall, embryo development was impaired in HD-treated goats.

Copyright Labêta et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. ) com nível de significância de 5%. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) para a motilidade, quando foram comparadas as temperaturas de 5 e 15 °C independentemente do uso do α-Tocoferol durante o período entre 12 e 72 horas. Os valores mais altos de motilidade foram obtidos com a temperatura de 15 °C. Observou-se também diferença (p<0,05) para a motilidade entre temperaturas de 5 e 15 °C quando comparado apenas com as amostras acrescidas de α-Tocoferol, bem como as amostras sem esta substância. A maior motilidade foi obtida novamente com a temperatura de 15 °C. Não foi observada diferença no vigor e na integridade da membrana (teste hiposmótico) entre as amostras adicionadas ou não de α-Tocoferol, em qualquer uma das temperaturas e tempos estudados. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 15 °C foi mais eficiente para a conservação de sêmen de cachaços durante 72 horas. Conclui-se também que a adição de 200 μg/mL de α-Tocoferol não melhorou a viabilidade dos espermatozoides submetidos à refrigeração. Efeito da vitamina E (α-TocoferolPalavras-chave: ejaculado, refrigeração, cachaço. AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of α-Tocopherol to swine insemination doses stored at 5 and 15 °C for a period of 72 hours. Semen samples (n=9) collected from three adult Pietrain boars were treated with or without 200 μg/mL of α-Tocopherol. The treatments were: T1: α-Tocopherol + cooling to 5 °C; T2: α-Tocopherol + cooling to 15 °C; T3: no α-Tocopherol + cooling to 5 °C; T4: no α-Tocopherol + cooling to 15 °C. All samples were evaluated up to 72 hours for sperm motility and intensity of movements every 12 hours, and the hiposmotic test was performed every 24 hours. The average of the motility, the intensity of movements and hiposmotic test (HOST) were analyzed by chi-square test (х 2 ) with 5% significance level. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) for motility when comparing the temperatures of 5 and 15 °C regardless of α-Tocopherol during the period between 12 and 72 hours. The highest motility values were obtained at 15 °C. It was also observed a difference (p <0.05) for sperm motility between temperatures of 5 to 15 °C when compared only the samples with α-Tocopherol, as well as the samples without this substance. The higher motility was obtained with 15 °C. No difference was observed for the intensity of movements and membrane integrity between samples added or not of α-Tocopherol, in any of the temperatures and times evaluated. We concluded that the temperature of 15 °C was more efficient for boar semen preservation over 72 hours. It is also concluded that the addition of 200 μg/mL of α-Tocopherol showed no improvement in the viability of cooled porcine semen.

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The present study compared the outcomes of in vivo embryo production in Morada Nova ewes subjected to either 9‐day (G‐9SOV, n = 21) or 12‐day (G‐12SOV, n = 21) progesterone (P4)‐based estruses synchronization protocol coupled with superovulatory treatment with decreasing doses of porcine follicle‐stimulating hormone (133 mg of pFSH given over 3 days). Non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER) was performed 6–7 days after the onset of oestrus. Total antral follicle count doubled from the first to the sixth pFSH dose in both groups (p < .05). Oestrus responses did not vary between the two groups of animals (95.2%). Corpora lutea (CL) were detected in 85.0% and 60.0% of ewes that previously manifested oestrus behaviour in G‐9SOV and G‐12SOV respectively. NSER was successfully completed in 86.2% of ewes that had CL (p > .05). The mean number of CL per ewe/successfully flushed donor ewe was greater (p < .05) in G‐12SOV (12.3 ± 1.7/12.1 ± 1.9) than in G‐9SOV (7.9 ± 1.4/8.2 ± 1.6). Mean numbers of retrieved blastocysts and viable embryos were greater (p > .05) in G‐12SOV (5.8 ± 1.9 and 3.7 ± 1.7) than G‐9SOV (3.5 ± 1.1 and 0.8 ± 0.3 respectively). The total follicle count (all follicles ≥2 mm in diameter) at the sixth pFSH dose (at P4‐device removal) was positively correlated (p < .05) with the number of CL (r = .95) and viable embryos (r = .91) in G‐12SOV. The ewes with ≥10 Cl (48% of all flushed donors) yielded 80.5% of viable embryos. In summary: (a) Morada Nova ewes from G‐12SOV group had better superovulatory responses compared with G‐9SOV group; (b) total follicle count at the last pFSH dose was a good predictor of superovulatory responses only in the ewes primed with P4 for 12 days; and (c) animals with ≥10 ovulations are main contributors to viable embryo production in Morada Nova ewes.