ABSTRACT. Spatial and temporal dynamics of Brachyura zoeae (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the Jaguaribe river estuary, Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil. A survey regarding the diel and seasonal distribution of brachyuran zoea was accomplished in the Jaguaribe estuary, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Plankton samples were obtained bimonthly, throughout the year of 2001, in different tides and during day and night periods, at two sampling stations. Fourteen taxa were identified, among which Ocypodidae, represented by Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) and Uca spp. zoea, was the most abundant one, followed by Xanthidae and Grapsidae. In the station close to the estuary opening, the taxa were well distributed, besides presenting a larger number of identified families. Ocypodidae, Grapsidae and Morphotype B zoea indicated a dispersion movement into coastal areas, while Pinnotheridae indicated a probable retention within the estuarine waters. The high occurrence of zoea in the first larval stages reinforces the important role of estuaries as nursery grounds for several crustacean species.

ABSTRACT. Fish diet studies contribute to understanding resource partitioning and community trophic structure. The present paper characterizes the diet of "peixe-cachorro" species Acestrorhynchus britskii and A. lacustris in Sobradinho reservoir, Bahia State, Brazil. Bimonthly samples (November 2006 to July 2008 were taken in the lotic, transition and lentic stretches of the reservoir, using gillnets overnight. A total of 899 A. britskii and 476 A. lacustris stomachs were analyzed, 70% of which were empty. Their content indicated the species are predominantly piscivorous, with 18 prey fish species identified. However, each prey occurred in a single month, except for Anchoviella vaillanti, recorded in 80% of months for A. bristski, and Tetragonopterus chalceus in 25% for A. lacustris. The species presented high food overlap (Cλ = 0.992), owing to the occurrence of Actinopterygii (bits) and Actinopterygii in all months. Regarding prey fish alone, a differentiated intake and lower food overlap was detected, in the flood (Cλ = 0.427) and drought (Cλ = 0.172) seasons, in the lotic (Cλ = 0.434), transition (Cλ = 0.089) and lentic (Cλ = 0) stretches, and in overall overlap (Cλ = 0.236). The spatial and seasonal differences in the intake of different prey fish by both species suggest an opportunistic feeding habit and a competition reduction mechanism for food resources.Keywords: natural feeding, peixe-cachorro, piscivory. RESUMO. Composição da dieta e sobreposição alimentar deAcestrorhynchus britskii e A. lacustris (Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae) do reservatório de Sobradinho, rio São Francisco, Estado da Bahia. Estudos sobre a dieta de peixes contribuem para o entendimento da partilha de recursos e da estrutura trófica da comunidade. O presente trabalho caracteriza a dieta dos peixes-cachorro Acestrorhynchus britskii e A. lacustris no reservatório de Sobradinho, Estado da Bahia. Coletas bimestrais noturnas (Novembro/2006 a Julho/2008) foram efetuadas nos trechos lótico, transição e lêntico do reservatório, empregando redes de espera. Foram analisados 899 estômagos de A. britskii e 476 de A. lacustris, aproximadamente 70% dos quais se encontravam vazios. Seu conteúdo evidenciou tratar-se de espécies predominantemente piscívoras, com 18 peixes-presa identificados. Entretanto, cada presa ocorreu num único mês, exceto Anchoviella vaillanti, registrada em 80% dos meses para A. bristski e Tetragonopterus chalceus em 25% deles para A. lacustris. As espécies apresentaram elevada sobreposição alimentar (Cλ = 0,992), pela ocorrência de Actinopterygii (partes) e Actinopterygii não-identificado em todos os meses. Entretanto, considerando apenas os peixespresa, foi observado consumo diferenciado e menor sobreposição alimentar, nos períodos de cheia (Cλ = 0,427) e seca (Cλ = 0,172), nos trechos lótico (Cλ = 0,434), de transição (Cλ = 0,089) e lêntico (Cλ = 0), e na sobreposição geral (Cλ = 0,236). A diferença espacial e sazonal no consumo de peixes-presa distintos pelas duas espécies sugere hábito alimentar oportunista e mecanis...

ABSTRACT. Influence of the hydrological level on the diet of Leporinus reinhardtii (Characiformes, Anostomidae) in a semi-arid Brazilian reservoir. The Neotropical region presents a high number of freshwater fish species, whose capability to explore different kinds of food is particularly evident in reservoirs, and reflects a considerable feeding plasticity. Characiformes is the most diversified fish order in the region, and Anostomidae one of its most speciose families, evidencing Leporinus and its 80 valid species. Although its species are mainly considered omnivorous, some present herbivorous diet, and the food plasticity of the genus is a common feature in environments subject to a seasonal variation of water level. In the present work, the diet composition of Leporinus reinhardtii Lütken, 1875 in the Sobradinho reservoir and the influence of its seasonal water level variation is analyzed along a three-year period (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). Among the 876 individuals analyzed, 302 were collected in the dry phase, and 574 in the flooding phase. The diet was composed of 47 items, grouped into nine categories: Mollusks, Microcrustaceans, Insects, Insect (parts), Chironomidae, Plants, Seeds, Sediment and Others. Chironomidae represented a mean of 60% of total weight of all food categories, followed by Seeds with 25% and the remaining categories with less than 10%. In the flooding phase, Seeds prevailed in the diet in the lentic and transition stretches, Chironomidae was most represented in the lotic one, and the remaining categories represented less than 20% in all stretches at this phase. In the dry phase, the prevailing items differed, with a higher dominance of Insetcs in the lentic stretch, mainly Coleoptera, and Plants in the lotic one, with greater participation of aquatic macrophytes, filamentous algae, Chlorophyceae and the diatom Oscillatoria. In the transition stretch, Microcrustaceans dominated in the diet, differing from the other stretches. The diet of L. reinhardtii was characterized by low values of frequence of occurrence for all food categories (mostly inferior to 50%), and high relative abundance (>80%) of all categories. Niche breadth was restricted in the different stretches in both periods, somewhat higher during flooding, due to a greater item diversity, particularly in the lotic stretch. Leporinus reinhardtii presents an omnivorous habit with specialized behaviour in the Sobradinho reservoir, whose prevailing food categories in the diet depend on the reservoir level, as well as the environmental characteristics of each stretch, thus reflecting a narrow trophic niche breadth for the species.KEYWORDS. São Francisco River, omnivory, piau. RESUMO.A Região Neotropical possui um elevado número de espécies de peixes de água doce, cujas adaptações para explorar diferentes tipos de alimento é particularmente evidente em reservatórios, refletindo numa considerável plasticidade alimentar. Characiformes é a mais diversificada ordem de peixes da região, tendo Anostomidae como uma das famílias mais especi...

Neste estudo se ressalta a alimentação natural de larvas do peixe-rei Atherinella brasiliensis (Atherinopsidae) coletadas no estuário do Rio Jaguaribe, Itamaracá, Pernambuco, ressaltando-se que o conteúdo gastrintestinal de 98 indivíduos, coletados mensalmente ao longo do ano de 2001 com rede de plâncton cônico-cilíndrica e malha de 500 mm de abertura, evidenciou que a espécie apresenta hábito alimentar oportunista em suas fases larvais, ou seja, sua dieta depende da disponibilidade local de alimento. Tintinnina foi o item alimentar dominante, presente em 23,5% das larvas com conteúdo gastrintestinal, seguido das Copepoda e Microalgas; outros itens, como Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), ovos de invertebrados e organismos não identificados, também representaram itens significativos na dieta das larvas. Palavras-chave:Tintinnina, Favella, larvasdepeixe, hábito oportunista Feeding in early life stages of the Brazilian silversides Atherinella brasiliensis (Atherinopsidae) from the Jaguaribe River estuary, Itamaracá, PE ABS TR A CT Natural feeding of Atherinella brasiliensis (Atherinopsidae) larvae, collected in the Jaguaribe River Estuary, Itamaracá-Pernambuco, was studied. Gastro-intestinal contents of 98 individuals, collected at monthly interval during the year 2001, with a 500 mm mesh size conical-cylindrical plankton net, showed that early life stages of this species presents an opportunistic feeding habit, i.e. its diet depends on local food availability. Tintinnina was the most frequent food item, present in 23.5% of the larvae with gastro-intestinal content, followed by Copepoda and Microalgae. Others items, such as Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), invertebrate eggs and unidentified organisms also represented important items in the diet of A. brasiliensis.

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada junto ao Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul acerca da receptividade da nova ordem jurídico-urbanística brasileira em demandas julgadas entre 2011 e 2015. Os achados indicam que uma peculiar forma de ativismo judicial é praticada pelo tribunal, já que a efetividade do Estatuto da Cidade mostrou-se maior quando o Poder Público se encontra no polo passivo das ações e menor quando particulares têm o direito de propriedade questionado em juízo. Tal maneira seletiva de aplicar a lei implica em um fortalecimento do "modelo proprietário" em detrimento do paradigma emergente. A investigação revela que o desconhecimento da nova ordem jurídico-urbanística por parte tanto dos litigantes quanto dos magistrados também explica a baixa efetividade do Estatuto da Cidade nas trincheiras do Poder Judiciário.