In subjects without CVD, those with abnormally high ABI do not have a greater CV event rate than those with a normal ABI. However, there seems to be a trend towards higher mortality risk, supporting the guidelines that consider this subgroup to be a high risk population.

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The incidence of lower extremity PAD is lower in the Mediterranean area than has been reported for other areas. The data suggest that patients with long-term uncontrolled diabetes and former and current smokers older than 65 years should be considered for PAD screening.

Pre-operative anemia is a risk factor for immediate and late mortality among patients with CLI, regardless of other risk factors and the type of revascularization technique. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential effect of its treatment on survival outcomes.

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Regardless of excellent limb salvage rates, patients currently suffering from an ALI are, when compared to previous studies, older than before and with an increased rate of mortality. Risk factors do not appear to be modifiable once the ALI appears so prevention strategies should be aimed to avoid the episode.

Graft infection by C. parapsilosis may be anecdotal. However, its consequences can also be severe. Microbiological tests can be useful to adjust antimicrobial therapy in the post-operative period, but their usefulness for determining the aetiology is doubtful, as it may be just an incidental finding.