A grey-based Taguchi method was applied to investigate the optimal operating conditions in shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) to join SS316 and ASTM A36. This work aims to set optimal parameters for the mechanical properties of the weld joint. The effects of various welding factors on electrode type, welding current, arc welding, and welding speed have to be characterized and optimized to achieve an optimum condition. An L9 orthogonal array was used to group the various components. The mechanical properties of a dissimilar weld joints were described through hardness, tensile and flexural strength tests. The optimum welding parameters were obtained simultaneously as an electrode type E309, a welding current of 100 A, an arc voltage of 14 V, and a welding speed of 4 cm/min, which predicted improve 23.0% in its performance.
Metal matrix composite has been used widely in some applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. In this work, Aluminum/Fly ash composite material was made with an egg yolk space holder and the manufacturing process was successfully carried out. The process includes the mixing, stirring, drying, and sintering processes that were undertaken including the powder metallurgy method. The metal form has successfully been fabricated however the hardness test results for specimens were not very satisfactory. The Aluminum/Fly ash porous composite materials with egg yolk space holders were was characterized using X-Ray Florence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test by producing the main peak of Al N and Al2O3. Observation of SEM by showing phenomena such as; cracks, alignment, and porous. Density Testing by producing an average porosity of 28.87%. The observation of Optical Microscopes by showing the shape of the shaft that is not homogeneous.
Every nuclear facility must pay attention to the 3S aspect (Safety-Security-Safeguard) to prevent nuclear accidents. One element in the nuclear security aspects includes a reliable Physical Protection System (PPS), which aims to ward off security disturbances and other illegal acts, i.e., sabotage, theft, Etc. This study evaluates the PPS performance by adversary-path analysis approach using the EASI code for hypothetical nuclear reactor facility to anticipate sabotage attacks as the highest consequences scenario. We perform the probability of interruption (PI) calculation as represented by the effectiveness of the PPS. The study results show that in the PPS design, calculating the PI value using the EASI code confirms the need to pay attention in determining the MVP. The results provide feedback for the PPS designer to accept the current design or strengthen it to obtain a reliable PPS.
Dissimilar metals welding using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) has been widely used in various industries such as automotive, maritime, transportation, and offshore structures. In this work, the Taguchi approach was applied for improving the tensile strength of dissimilar welding between AISI 4340 steel and 304 Austenitic stainless steel. The effects of four welding factors: electrode type, welding current, joint type, and welding speed on the tensile strength were studied. The various factors were assigned to an L9 orthogonal array, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to determine a significant contributing factor. It was found that electrode type and current welding factors significantly affect tensile strength. The optimum condition parameters for tensile strength were achieved with an electrode type (E309), welding current (110 A), joint type (II), and welding speed (2 cm/min).
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