To evaluate the degree of ischemia formation in the contralateral testicle following unilateral testicular torsion, free oxygen radical formation after detorsion or an orchiectomy procedure in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities was detected in adult male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 4 groups and following 2 and 6 h of unilateral torsion, the orchiectomy or detorsion procedures were performed and free radical scavenger enzyme activities (SOD, catalase) were measured in the contralateral testes after 24 h, 1 week and 1 month. Evaluation of our results revealed no meaningful ischemia formation in the contralateral testes of rats undergoing 2 h of unilateral testicular torsion. However, animals undergoing 6 h of unilateral testicular torsion demonstrated a statistically significant alteration with respect to enzyme concentrations. Alterations in the contralateral testes were more prominent in animals that had undergone the detorsion procedure following 6 h of testicular torsion. Our results indicate that preservation of twisted testes through a detorsion procedure could cause further deterioration by way of reperfusion injury, indicating the importance of removal of the damaged testicle to minimize long-term histopathologic alterations in the contralateral testes.

Our data indicate that NLR may be a better predictor than CRP for occurrence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Purpose To find the frequency and types of major chromosomal abnormalities with nonobstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia to give appropriate genetic counseling before assisted reproduction techniques in Isparta (South of Turkey), and to investigate the general characteristics in this infertile male population. Methods and patients A total of 115 infertile males (92 were azoospermic, 23 severe oligospermic) were studied for the cytogenetic evaluation prior to use of assisted reproduction techniques. Also, 60 fertile males as a control group were studied. Karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes according to the standard methods. Levels of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and prolactin were obtained and a testicular sonography examination was conducted. Results The total prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities was found to be 4.3% (5/115), including 4 patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome and 1 patient with gonadal dysygenesis (46XX). All of them were azoospermic males, corresponding to a frequency of 5.4% (5/92 patients). Oligozoospermic males and control males had no chromosomal abnormalities. There was a significant difference in serum FSH, LH, mean testicular volume and smoking when comparing patients (both azoospermic and oligozoospermic) and control groups (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in serum FSH, LH and mean testicular volume when compared with azoospermic and oligozoospermic patients (p<0.05) Conclusions The occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities among infertile males strongly suggests the need for routine genetic testing and counseling prior to the employment of assisted reproduction techniques.

These results suggest that the vacuum device is an effective and safe treatment for impotence of various aetiologies, especially for those patients with arteriogenic impotence.

Saddle block has some advantages compared to spinal and epidural anaesthesia methods such as achieving adequate anaesthesia, stable haemodynami, the lower degree of motor blockage and no full blockage in patients. Saddle block is an the most optimal anaesthesia method for TURP operation.

To evaluate the degree of ischemic formation at the tissue level after high-energy shock wave (HESW) application in a time- and dose-dependent manner, an experimental study in rabbits was performed. Following varying numbers of HESWs (1,000–2,000–3,000 shock waves) under fluoroscopic localization, treated kidneys were removed, by assessing tissue concentrations of two different free-radical scavenger enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) the degree of formation of free oxygen radicals (i.e. ischemia) was evaluated. Evaluation of our results showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in tissue scavenger enzyme levels (i.e. formation of free oxygen radicals) after 24 h following HESW application. However, results obtained 7 days after ESWL demonstrated disappearance of ischemia with normalization of tissue enzyme levels (p > 0.05)

Our results indicate that the urethral dilation protocol with CIC after first OIU is a safe, simple, well-tolerated, office-based procedure. Triamcinolone or contractubex ointments of the CIC do not provide an additional benefit. Currently, urethral dilation with CIC after first OIU seems to be the only proven procedure that decreased the recurrence rate.

Infertility may occur in patients with unilateral testicular torsion whose contralateral testis is intact. Depending on this observation, the physicians have begun to examine the contralateral testis. In the present prospective study we aimed to examine the histopathologic alterations occurring in the contralateral testicle with time. Sixty adult male albino rats were included in the programme, and following experimental torsion the histopathologic findings, especially those in the contralateral testis, were evaluated after 4-12 weeks. Long-term and high degree torsion of the testicle led to varying degrees of deterioration in the germinal epithelium and interstitial cells of the contralateral testicle. Histopathologic alterations were reversed in 12 weeks. Tubular diameter and testicular volume also decreased in accordance with the histopathologic alteration. In our opinion, orchiectomy following torsion of one testicle will limit potential histopathologic alterations in the contralateral testicle.