Salvia species have been traditionally used to improve cognition and have been proved to be a potential natural treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Turkish sage or Greek sage) demonstrated to have anticholinergic effects in vitro . The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of S. fruticosa infusion and its representative compound rosmarinic acid, which was detected by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The protective effects of the S. fruticosa infusion (SFINF) and its major substance rosmarinic acid (RA) on amyloid beta 1–42 -induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells together with p-GSK-3 β activation were investigated. Their in vitro inhibitory effects against glycogen synthase kinase 3 β , β -secretase, and casein kinase 1 δ enzymes were also evaluated. The results showed that treatment with the all tested concentrations, SFINF significantly decreased A β 1–42-induced cytotoxicity and exhibited promising in vitro glycogen synthase kinase 3 β inhibitory activity below 10 µg/mL (IC 50 6.52 ± 1.14 µg/mL), in addition to β -secretase inhibition (IC 50 86 ± 2.9 µg/mL) and casein kinase 1 δ inhibition (IC 50 121.57 ± 4.00). The SFINF (100 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL) also activated the expression of p-GSK-3 β in amyloid beta 1–42 treated SH-SY5Y cells. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the S. fruticosa infusion possessed activity to prevent amyloid beta 1–42 -induced neurotoxicity and provided proof that its mechanism may involve regulation of p-GSK-3 β protein.
This study investigates in-vitro activities of phytochemicals in Callistemon citrinus against multiresistant foodborne pathogens, alpha-glucosidase enzyme and MCF-7 cancer cell line. Assays were prepared with lyophilized extracts to determine antioxidant capacity, inhibition of a-glucosidase enzyme and growth of foodborne bacteria. Annexin-V detection kit was used for apoptosis detection and FT-IR spectroscopy to confirm structural and functional groups of phytochemicals. Cytotoxicity of the extracts against MCF-7 cells was monitored with xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyser. The result from FT-IR analysis gave a peak at 3295 cm À1 wavenumber, confirming the presence of O-H alcohol functional group. FT-IR analysis also showed the presence of different functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aromatics, alkanes, alcohols, aliphatic amines, alkenes and amine groups in the extracts. Callistemon exhibited strong antioxidant capacities with EC 50 values of 0.474 ± 0.03 and 0.787 ± 0.15 mL sample/g of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydeazyl (DPPH) from leaf and flower extracts, respectively. Growth inhibition of most gram-positive foodborne bacteria by phytochemicals from flower extract appeared more promising as an alternative antimicrobial agent for food preservation. IC 50 value of 3.69 ± 0.61 lg/mL obtained from leaf extract showed its inhibitory potential against a-glucosidase enzyme for managing diabetes type-2. A dose response obtained from real-time monitoring with xCELLigence system indicated higher cytotoxicity of the extracts against MCF-7 cell line at !200 lg/mL concentrations within 24 h of incubation. The versatility of phytochemicals in Callistemon observed in this study signifies its potential for enhancing feed or food functionality, moderating blood glucose level and inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens or invasive carcinoma in man.
The amyloid b (Ab) toxic fibrils is thought to play a central role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of it is a main formation of senile plaques. Diabetic patients are more vulnerable to caught Alzheimer's disease. Vildagliptine, a novel anti diabetic agent, has been reported to exert protective effects on AD rat models in restricted study. We aimed to investigate any protective effects of vildagliptine against Ab fibrils on SH-SY5Y cell line. Vildagliptine decreased PSEN1 and PSEN2 mRNA levels which enroll Ab production. In addition, vildagliptin was downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels which were evoked by Ab. Also we confirmed cellular viability with real time cell analyzer and MTT assay. Our data exposed that vildagliptine has lowering effect on GSK3b and Tau phosphorylation. However we did not get protective effect of vildagliptine against Ab toxicity on mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that vildagliptine exerts a protective effect against Ab by decreasing apoptosis related proteins, lowering GSK3b and Tau phosphorylation levels in addition to expression of PSEN1 and PSEN2 mRNA downregulation effect.
Colon cancer is a one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity all over the World. According to a recent epidemiological report, intestinal cancers (colon and rectum) death rate was 13% of total cancer deaths from 172600 reported mortalities which was second order after the lung cancer (Malvezzi et al. 2015). Currently, therapeutic approaches for treating human colorectal include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. In addition to conventional treatment of colon carcinoma, there are a lot of alternative medicine in use from natural products. One of such natural products include phytochemicals from ornamental plants. Callistemon citrinus is one of the medicinal ornamental plants from Myrtaceae family (Brophy et al. 1998). Different parts of the plant contain alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, aliphatic acids, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and several phytochemicals. The leaf oils of C. citrinus are known to have antimicrobial, antifungal, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities (Sudhakar et al. 2004; Oyedeji et al. 2009). In folk medicine, various parts of this herb are used in making traditional pills for treating dysentery, cough, bronchitis, hemorrhoids and rheumatism (Paluri et al. 2012). In our previous study, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of leaf and flower extracts from C.citrinus has recently been reported against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by our group (Fayemi et al. 2015). Although, reports on bioactivities of Callistemon are available yet information on in vitro cytotoxicity of this plant is limited against colon cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity tests are prerequisites for describing intrinsic toxicodynamics of phytochemicals in any potential
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.