Objectives: Infectious gastroenteritis is one of most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Rotavirus and enteric adenoviruses are the most important agents of infectious gastroenteritis. Little is known about the epide-miology of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in our region. This study was aimed to determine the fre-quency of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in pediatric patients admitted to our hospital. Materials and Methods:Fresh stool specimens of total 941 pediatric patients admitted to our hospital during Octo-ber 2008 and September 2009 due to acute gastroenteritis were studied. Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were investigated in the fresh stool specimens with the qualitative immunochromatographic test. Results:In 170 (18.1%) of fresh stool specimens, viral antigens were determined. Of these 170 specimens, rotavirus was established in 157 (16.7%), enteric adenovirus in 9 (1.0%), both rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in 4 (0.4%). The viral antigen positive cases were most frequently seen during autumn and winter months in children between 5-24 months of age. Conclusion:Rotavirus is most important agent in acute gastroenteritis of childhood in our region too. It should be in-vestigated routinely in fresh stool specimens, especially in the autumn and winter months.

Introduction: This study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type 1/2 (anti-HIV 1/2), and antibody against Treponema pallidum (antiTreponemal or syphilis antibody) in healthy volunteer blood donors, and assessed their distribution according to the years and genders. Methodology: HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV ½, and syphilis screening results of a total of 266,035 healthy volunteer blood donors who had been admitted for blood donation to the Regional Blood Center of Dicle University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2010 were evaluated, retrospectively. HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV 1/2 screening were performed using a fully automated device with the microparticle enzyme immunoassay method (MEIA). Syphilis screening was performed by Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) carbon test between January 2000 and December 2009, and by using a fully automated device with the MEIA method between January 2010 and December 2010. Results: Of 266,035 healthy volunteer blood donors, 259,384 (97.5%) were male and 6,651 (2.5%) were female. Statistically, there was not any significant difference between male and female genders for HBsAg, anti-HCV and syphilis seropositivities (P = 0.729, P = 0.748, and P = 0.861, respectively). HBsAg was found to be positive in 8,422 (3.17%), anti-HCV in 1,703 (0.64%), anti-HIV 1/2 in one (0.0004%) of 266,035 healthy volunteer blood donors, and syphilis antibody with RPR in 166 (0.07%) of 246,341 healthy volunteer blood donors. Conclusion: Blood donor forms should be carefully tailored to improve the identification of possible risks of transfusion-transmitted infections.

The rate of hemolysis in PTS transported samples, dependent on PTS length and rate, may seriously affect routine tests of non-centrifuged samples.

The importance of oxygen in wound healing and the negative effects of cigarette smoking have been demonstrated in various studies. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment on wound healing in nicotinized and nonnicotinized rats. The study was conducted on 32 Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups, with eight rats in each: group 1, nonnicotinized rats; group 2, nonnicotinized rats treated with HBO2; group 3, nicotinized rats; and group 4, nicotinized rats treated with HBO2. To prepare the nicotinized groups, the rats were given nicotine for 28 days. At the end of day 28, standard, deep, second-degree to third-degree burns were created on the rats. The HBO2-treated groups underwent HBO2 treatment once a day for 7 days after the creation of the burn damage. All rats were killed 21 days after injury, and the burns were subjected to macroscopic, histopathological, and microbiological evaluation. During this evaluation, the smallest necrotic areas and the lowest rate of fibrosis were observed in group 2. The largest necrotic areas and the highest inflammation and fibrosis rates were observed in the nicotine-treated group 3. When the nicotinized and nonnicotinized groups were compared separately, there was a significant difference in favor of the groups treated with HBO2. Bacterial growth was the highest in the nicotinized group 3, whereas no statistically significant difference was observed among the other groups. We conclude that HBO treatment accelerates the recovery of burn wounds and provides more effective healing by reducing the development of scars both in nicotinized and nonnicotinized rats.

Although the prevalence of anthrax is a decreasing worldwide, it remains a significant problem in developing countries. Rapid identification of the signs and symptoms of cutaneous anthrax is essential for effective treatment. Early supportive treatment and appropriate antimicrobial measures are necessary to address this potentially life-threatening disease.

No abstract

001). 1,246 (38 %) E.coli strains were found to be ESBL-producers. None of ESBL-non-producers were resistant to fosfomycin while 5.7 % of producers were resistant (p < 0.001).According to these results, fosfomycin were accepted as a good alternative in the treatment of outpatients' urinary tract infections. Keywords: Escherichia coli, ESBL, fosfomycin, in vitro, microbial sensitivity tests, urinary tract infection GİRİŞÜriner sistem infeksiyonları tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de oldukça sık görülen önemli bir morbidite nedenidir (24,26) . Üriner sistem infeksiyonu sayısının; dünyada 150 milyon/yıl (4) , Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde 7 milyon/yıl (2,24) olduğu tahmin edilirken, ülke-mizde ise her yıl ortalama 5 milyon sistit atağı (12) görüldüğü bildirilmektedir. Hastaneden ve toplumdan kazanılmış üriner sistem infeksiyonları-na en sık (% 70-80) sebep olan mikroorganizma geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde de Escherichia coli'dir (23,24,28,29,32) . Üriner sistem infeksiyonu tedavisinde sık-lıkla kullanılan beta-laktam, beta-laktam/betalaktamaz inhibitör kombinasyonları, trimetoprim-sülfametoksazol, aminoglikozitler ve kino-

Objectives: In present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of the antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Rubella virus, which may cause congenital infections in risk groups including childbearing age women in a period of two years. Materials and Methods:The samples of sera, which were taken from risk groups including pregnant and childbearing age women admitted to our hospital during May 2008 and April 2010, were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and Rubella virus. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM/IgG and anti-Rubella IgM/IgG antibodies were assayed with chemiluminescent method by autoimmunanalyzer (Advia Centaur, Siemens) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: Seroprevalences of IgM and IgG forToxoplasma gondii (n=3.474) were found as 4.6% and 17.5%, respectively. Seroprevalences of IgM and IgG for Rubella virus (n=3.460) were found as 0.95% and 76.5%, respectively. Conclusion:Widespread population screening may contribute to the prevention of congenital infections due to Toxoplasma gondii and Rubella virus. Because of the high seropositivity of Toxoplasma gondii and Rubella virus in childbearing age women, preventive measures should be implemented. J Clin Exp Invest 2010; 1(2): 81-85 Key words: Rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, Seroprevalence, women, childbearing age GİRİŞHer yaş grubunda görülebilen, özellikle duyarlı gebe kadınlarda intrauterin enfeksiyonlara neden olarak perinatal yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye yol açan Toksoplazmozis ve Rubella enfeksiyonları, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur.1-6 Her iki enfeksiyon gebelerde genellikle asemptomatik seyretmesine rağ-men; abortus, intrauterin ölüm, erken doğum, düşük doğum ağırlığı, fetal hasar/konjenital malformasyon ve/veya persistan yenidoğan hastalığı oluşturabil-meleri nedeniyle gebeler ve fetus için önemli birer risk faktörleridir. 2-10