To examine the factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and to identify the implications of this structure for its clinical use. Method: The AUDIT was administered to mental health clinic outpatients (N = 197; 86% men) at high risk for alcohol-use disorders. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to determine the underlying factor structure of the AUDIT for this high-risk population. Results: Confirmatory analyses indicated that the a priori three-and one-factor solutions did not fit the observed data. The exploratory analyses supported a two-factor solution that included level of alcohol consumption and drinking problems, with both factors explaining substantial variance in AUDIT scores. These findings contrast the original three-factor design of the AUDIT and the conventional use of the AUDIT as a one-factor screening device with a single cutoff score. Conclusions: Other screening methods that incorporate this two-factor model may be important for mental health patient populations. Replication of these findings among other mental health samples is needed. (J. Stud. Alcohol 61:751-758, 2000) HE Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (Babor et al., 1992) contains 10 items created to tap multiple domains associated with problematic alcohol use. Items were selected for inclusion on the basis of face validity, factor analysis and empirical reliability criteria to measure four areas related to alcohol use. The four areas (see Appendix) are: alcohol consumption (Items 1-3), alcohol drinking behaviors that are symptoms of dependence (Items 4-6), adverse psychological reactions to alcohol use (Items 7, 8) and alcohol-related problems (Items 9, 10) (Saunders et al., 1993). The latter two constructs, adverse psychological reactions and alcohol problems, were combined into a single alcohol-related problems construct, apparently to conform the AUDIT to the World Health Organization and ICD-10 concepts of hazardous use, dependence and harmful use (Saunders et al., 1993). It is, therefore, conventionally thought that the AUDIT measures the three domains of alcohol consumption, dependence and alcohol-related problems. However, studies of the empirical validity of this three-factor model in clinical populations are rare. A recent literature review of the utility of the AUDIT called for factor analysis of the instrument to evaluate whether the test items reflect the originally intended constructs (Allen et al., 1997).

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This paper presents a method to simulate the growth of the facial/head model of a person from childhood to adulthood. The method works by generating continuous data of standard landmarks using auto-regressive moving average based on anthropometry of the head/face. The standard landmarks are assigned to the particular head and face, and vertices of the growing head/facial model are calculated by projecting the vertices to the one dimensional subspace that contains measurements of the landmarks. The vertices of the predicted model are constrained to keep the features of the head/face distinct by grouping vertices into clusters and maintaining each cluster proportionally changing in different age periods. This new technology has applications in security, ID search (for missing children), health care (such as, evaluation of dysmorphic children) and forensic sketch artistry.

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