Felix Semon's fascination with vocal fold paralysis led to his theory attributing medialization to isolated abductor paralysis. Later, the Wagner-Grossman hypothesis explained the vocal fold position on the basis of cricothyroid muscle activity. Other authors since that time have dispelled the notion of a role for the cricothyroid muscle in vocal fold position with paralysis. Utilizing laryngeal electromyography, several authors have found electrical activity suggestive of variable reinnervation and synkinesis. This current study included patients with persistent vocal fold immobility. Fourteen patients were studied: half with good voice and half with poor voice. The patients with good voice had a relatively normal arytenoid position and evidence of synkinesis. The group with poor voice had an arytenoid that tipped into the laryngeal inlet and had denervation or poor reinnervation. This suggests that the medialization and upright position of the arytenoid is due to synkinesis.

Mendes MRSSB, Gusmão JL, Faro ACM, Leite RCBO. RESUMOO envelhecimento é uma questão explorada por pesquisadores, epidemiologistas e estatísticos por meio de investigações científicas encontradas na literatura nacional e internacional, que revelam a projeção notória desta população de idosos. No panorama mundial, bem como nos países em desenvolvimento, a população idosa aumenta significativamente e o contraponto desta realidade aponta que o suporte para essa nova condição não evolui com a mesma velocidade. Diante disto, a preocupação com esse novo perfil populacional vem gerando, nos últimos anos, inúmeras discussões e a realização de diversos estudos com o objetivo de fornecerem dados que subsidiem o desenvolvimento de políticas e programas adequados para essa parcela da população. Isto devido ao fato que a referida população requer cuidados específicos e direcionados às peculiaridades advindas com o processo do envelhecimento sem segregá-los da sociedade. Assim sendo, esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a situação social do idoso no Brasil, considerando os aspectos demográficos, epidemiológicos e os aspectos psicossociais com destaque para a aposentadoria, a importância da família e as relações interpessoais.Descritores: Idoso; Situação Social; Epidemiologia; Aposentadoria; Família ABSTRACT The national and international literature suggest that the process of becoming old in an issue of great interest for researchers, statisticians, and epidemiologists. The literature shows that the population of elderly worldwide is increasing rapidly. Particularly in countries in development, this population has been increasing significantly but the resources and support systems necessary to attend this population is not expanding at the same rate. Therefore, concerns regarding this population profile have led to many serious discussions and studies to provide data to those in political position to create adequate programs and policies to attend to the specific needs of the elderly population without isolating them from society. Thus, the goal of this paper is to discuss the social situation of the elderly in Brazil taken into consideration demographic, epidemiologic, and psychosocial. Emphasis is placed on retirement, the importance of the family, and on the interpersonal relationships.Keywords: Elder; Social situation; Epidemiology; Retirement; Family RESUMEN El envejecimiento es un asunto explorado por investigadores, epidemiólogos y estadísticos por medio de investigaciones científicas encontradas en la literatura nacional e internacional, que revelan la proyección notoria de esta población de ancianos. En el panorama mundial, así como en los países en desarrollo, la población anciana aumenta significativamente y el contrapunto de esta realidad señala que el soporte para esa nueva condición no ha evolucionado con la misma velocidad. Frente a esto, la preocupación por ese nuevo perfil poblacional viene generando, en los últimos años, innumerables discusiones y la realización de diversos estudios con el objetivo d...

This study aims to learn the characteristics of Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams from a Regional Health Coordination of RS, identifying its difficulties in the work process. It is a qualitative exploratory-descriptive study, with a questionnaire application. Results revealed a group of young females with recent professional education. Regarding the work process, some difficulties observed were: the hiring model, the lack of infrastructure of the health units, the difficulty to work in teams, the lack of specialization of the employees, the non-comprehension of the population about the FHS proposal and even the reporting of the lack of difficulties. Some of the results corroborate the data reported by the literature, but the last two items were poorly explored in other studies, constituting relevant aspects to be considered in the work process and in the implementation of the FHS.

A psychophysical cancellation method after Zwislocki [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 752-759 (1953)] was used to measure the propagation velocity of bone-conducted sound across the head of an observer. The result, 330 m/s, compares quite well with Zwislocki's earlier value of 260 m/s and Franke's of 300 m/s. Since in all three experiments the velocity was frequency-independent at f greater than 2000. Hz, it is suggested that vibratory energy travels along the flat bones of the cranial vault in the form of plate waves and as distortional waves through its base. [As defined by Cremer and Heckl, Körperschall (Springer, Berlin, 1967), plate waves are but a simpler form of distortional waves.] Quantitatively, the present result appears quite reasonable in the light of the material constants involved and by comparison with other materials.

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