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BACKGROUNDStunting is a nutritional problem in the form of linear growth disturbance caused by low intake of macro-and micronutrients. The prevalence of stunting in children aged 2-5 years in Semarang is higher in well-to-do families (67.2%) than in poor families (32.8%). The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of low adequacy levels of vitamin C, iron, zinc and low food expenditure as risk factors of stunting among children aged 2-5 years.

The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of tempe giving to the oxidative stress in rats with high physical activities. This research was true experimental post-test only with control group design on 35 rats. The rats were given high physical activities and tempe treatments for 30 days. Those rats were divided into 5 group, which were: control 1 without giving tempe and supplement, control 2 with the giving of the commercial supplement, treatment 1 with giving 0.75 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day, treatment 2 with giving 1.5 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day and treatment 3 with giving 3 g tempe/200 g of body weight/day. At the end of this research, it was done the examination of the plasma MDA level by using TBARS method and activities of SOD enzyme using spectrofometry. The statistical analysis used One-way ANOVA Tests and Post Hoc LSD. The result showed that the tempe giving at various doses was significantly influenced to the reduction of MDA level (p<0.05) and also significantly influenced to the increasing activities of SOD enzyme (p<0.05). The giving of 3 g tempe was the most effective dose to the reduction of MDA level and the increasing activities of SOD enzyme. The conclusion was tempe could decrease the MDA level and increase the activities of SOD enzyme significantly in oxidative stress rats with high physical activities. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian tempe terhadap stres oksidatif pada tikus dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true experimental, post test only with control grup design pada 35 ekor tikus yang diberi aktivitas fisik tinggi dan perlakuan pemberian tempe selama 30 hari. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol 1 (tanpa pemberian tempe dan suplemen), kontrol 2 (pemberian suplemen komersial), perlakuan 1 (pemberian tempe 0,75 g/200 g bb/hari), perlakuan 2 (pemberian tempe 1,5 g/200 g bb/hari) dan perlakuan 3 (pemberian tempe 3 g/200 g bb/hari). Pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan kadar MDA plasma dengan TBARS dan kadar SOD. Analisis statistik dilakukan uji one way anova dan post hoc LSD. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tempe berbagai dosis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar MDA (p<0,05) dan juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan aktivitas enzim SOD (p<0,05). Pemberian tempe 3 g /200g bb merupakan dosis efektif terhadap penurunan kadar MDA dan peningkatan aktivitas enzim SOD. Kesimpulannya tempe dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim SOD secara signifikan pada tikus stres oksidatif dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi.

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Background: Anemia in pregnant women in Brebes Regency, Central Java in 2016 was still high at 60.7%. Brebes Regency is an area of onion farming with a high intensity of pesticide use. Objectives: This study aimed to prove the history of pesticide exposure and lack of nutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) was risk factor for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area. Methods: Case control study with 41 cases (anemia) and 41 controls (non-anemia) as study subjects. The subjects were selected using purposive sampling method. Pesticide exposure history included the involvement of pregnant women in agricultural activities, frequency of exposure and length of exposure was measured by interview using structured questionnaire. Anemia data were obtained by measuring hemoglobin levels. Other independent variables measured were nutritional intake (protein, iron, and vitamin C) using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method to determine the level of nutrient adequacy in pregnant women. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression.Result: Hemoglobin levels in the case ranged from 7.2 g/dl to 10.9 g/dl. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that pesticide exposure history (OR= 4.9, 95% CI:1.75-13.67), level of iron adequacy (OR = 2.9, 95% CI:1.06– 8.29) and level of vitamin C adequacy (OR = 3.4, 95% CI:1.10– 10.28) as risk factors for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area.Conclusion: The history of pesticide exposure and lack of nutrient intake (iron and vitamin C) was risk factor for the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in agricultural area.

Automotive body painters are at risk of excessive lead exposure that may compromise their health. This study examined the protective effects of masks against lead exposure and its correlation with blood profile of automotive body painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 61 painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia (mean age 45 years, 100% male). Mask use was categorized into "frequent" and "infrequent". Blood samples were taken to measure lead exposure and haematological parameters (haemoglobin/HGB, erythrocytes/RBC, haematocrit/HCT, mean corpuscular haemoglobin/MCH, mean corpuscular volume/MCV, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration/MCHC). Effectivity of mask use against lead exposure was analysed with Fisher's exact test, while lead exposure and haematopoietic parameters were evaluated with Pearson's correlation tests. Results: There were 26 automotive painters (42.6%) classified as unfrequent mask users, and all of them had high blood lead levels. Most haematopoiesis parameters were in normal range. Workers with infrequent mask use were 1.269 more likely to be exposed to lead compared to those with frequent mask use (CI 95%, 1.082-1.552). Significant associations were found between lead exposure and RBC (p=0.0, r=−0.53), HGB (p=0, r=−0.61), and HCT (p=0.00, r=−0.61). No significant correlations were observed between lead exposure and MCV, MCH, MCHC. Conclusion: Lead exposure was significantly associated with haematological parameters RBC, HGB, and HCT, confirming the effects of prolonged exposure on blood profile. However, mask use provided significant protection against lead exposure in automotive body painters and should be an obligatory gear for workers.

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Berdasarkan data PSG Kementrian Kesehatan Tahun 2017 perevalensi stunting di Indonesia 29,6% (pendek 19,8% dan sangat pendek 9,8%) dan prevalensi stunting di Kabupaten Banjarnegara sebesar 30,1% Prevalensi stunting di Kecamatan Wanayasa mencapai 23,7%. Rendahnya asupan gizi, faktor genetik dan paparan pestisida merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting. Paparan pestisida sendiri dapat mengakibatkan gangguan metabolisme, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kecamatan Wanayasa merupakan salah satu daerah pertanian di Indonesia, terdapat area pertanian kentang dan sayuran dengan intensitas penggunaan pestisida yang tinggi dalam pengolahan lahannya. Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 2-5 tahun di daerah pertanian Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control dengan jumlah sampel 47 kasus (stunting) dan 47 kontrol (tidak stunting). Pemilihan subjek secara purposive sampling dengan matching umur dan jenis kelamin. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran tinggi badan ,berat badan serta wawancara terstruktur dan untuk asupan gizi dengan menanyakan frekuensi penggunaan bahan makanan responden dalam ukuran rumah tangga dan mengkonversinya dalam ukuran berat (gram). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square, menghitung Odds Rasio (OR) dan metode regresi logistik. Hasil: Nilai skor Z TB/U terendah pada kelompok kasus adalah -5.4SD dan tertinggi -2.55SD, umur balita terendah pada kelompok kasus 24 bulan dan pada kelompok kontrol 27 bulan. Sebagian besar pekerjaan ibu baik pada kelompok kasus (51.1%) maupun pada kelompok kontrol (57.4%) adalah sebagai petani. Pada analisis bivariat riwayat penyakit kehamilan ibu, tingkat kecukupan gizi (kalsium,zink, protein), riwayat paparan pestisida bumil tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan kejadian stunting.Tinggi badan ibu < 150 cm (OR=10.07; 95%CI: 3.57-28.38), panjang badan lahir (OR=11.04;, dan riwayat paparan pestisida pada anak (OR=4.21; 95%CI : 1.77-10.04) sebagai faktor risiko stunting. Simpulan: Panjang badan lahir, tinggi badan ibu dan paparan pestisida merupakan faktor risiko stunting pada anak usia 2-5 tahun.Kata Kunci: anak usia 2-5 tahun, daerah pertanian, stunting ABSTRACT Background: According to Nutritional Status Monitoring 2017, stunting prevalence in Indonesia was 29.6% and stunting prevalence in Banjarnegara District was 30.1%.The prevalence of stunting in Wanayasa Subdistrict was 23.7%. Low nutritional intake, genetic factors and exposure from pesticides are among the factors that influence stunting. Exposure from pesticides can lead to metabolic disorders, growth and development of children. Wanayasa Subdistrict is one of an agricultural area in Indonesia, there is a potato and vegetable farming area with high intensity of pesticide use in the processing of its land. Objectives: This study aims was to analyze the risk factors for stunting among children age 2-5 years living in an agricultural area. Methods: The research design was case control measured 47 children as cases and 4...

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