The results of this in vitro study suggest that NSF could have the greatest remineralization efficacy. NaF varnish and n-HAP serum were similar in remineralizing initial caries. Future clinical studies are recommended for selection of the most appropriate remineralizing agent in primary teeth.
Background:The learning styles are the distinctive learners’ strategies for information processing and discovering new concepts. One of the most important kinds of learning styles is the Witkin’s theory of field dependence-independence cognitive style.Objective:This study seeks to find the relationship between field dependence –independence cognitive style and English text reading comprehension, learning English as a foreign language, academic achievement and the choice of academic courses.Methods:In this study, 305 students (both girls and boys) studying at the junior level at high school in Sari were randomly selected through multistage selection who responded to Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT).Results:The data analysis was conducted by using regression analysis which showed that FDI cognitive styles determined the changes in dependant variables of reading comprehension score, learning English and the total average with the respective values of %8.8, %9.2 and %11.6 (p <0.05).Conclusion:Regarding the findings, it can be concluded that the more field independent, the higher the reading comprehension skills and learning English and the more academic achievement will result. The results of this study can help in selecting students’ courses and also better directing the learners to improve their learning.
Background:Traditional education classes are no more effective because they are tied to a particular place and time. Podcast complete the defection of other educational resources. In this study we aimed to address whether utilizing podcast multimedia training system has an effect on the motivational achievement and students learning of the Arabic course in high school.Methods:In this practical-purposed, descriptive and quasi-experimental study, pre- and post-test method in control and experiment groups was used. Researchers used simple random sampling method to form the groups.Results:The results showed the normal distribution of data according to the value of z (0.09) in the pre- and post-tests in both control and experiment groups. Therefore, the data distribution was normal (P>0.925). Significant differences between experimental and control groups in terms of academic level were not observed in the pre-test. There was no significant difference between the motivational achievement of education in post-test of control and experiment group (p>0.89).Conclusion:The results showed that teaching with podcast multimedia systems significantly increased learning of Arabic in the high school level. But of motivation reinforcement between traditional method and system for multimedia podcasts, showed no significant differences. Each variety of multimedia techniques can be beneficial for a specific course. Therefore, more studies on the effectiveness of podcast method in different courses to determine its effects are necessary.
Background and Objectives: Although zinc oxide (ZO)-calcium hydroxide (CaOH) mixtures have been successful regard- ing their absorption rate compatibility with dissolving primary teeth, no study has been conducted on the appropriate mixture ratio to obtain effective antibacterial properties. In this study, we compared antibacterial activity of CaOH-ZO pastes using different mixture ratios sagainst Enterococcus faecalis as an important bacterium in root canal treatment failure. Materials and Methods: Seven types of pastes were prepared in our laboratory. The first group included one gram of ZO+eu- genol, second group included one gram of CaOH+distilled water, third group included 0.5gram ZO+0.5gram CaOH+distilled water (1:1), forth group included 0.75gramCaOH+0.25gramZO+distilled water (3:1), the fifth group included 0.33gram of CaOH+0.66gram of ZO+distilled water (1:2), the sixth group included 0.75gram of ZO+0.25 CaOH+distilled water (3:1), the seventh group included 0.66 gram CaOH+0.33 gram ZO+distilled water (2:1), and the final group included one gram of gelatin+distilled water (as the control group). These pastes were compared regarding their antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: Except for the control group, all prepared pastes showed antibacterial properties. Order of minimum inhibitory concentration for pastes were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)=CaOH-ZO (1:2)>CaOH-ZO (1:1)>CaOH-ZO (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Order of minimum bactericidal concentration, which shows a weaker bactericidal effect, accord- ing to type of paste, were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:2)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:1)>CaOH-ZO mix- ture (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Only CaOH-ZO (1:3) and CaOH-ZO (1:2), showed significantly weaker MICs and MBCs (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the limitations of an in-vitro study, in terms of anti-bacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis, CaOH-ZO mixture (2:1) is equivalent to ZO-eugenol as the most commonly used material in polypectomy of primary teeth.
Introdouction:Esthetic demands of patients have led to the introduction of tooth-colored restorations wherecomposite resins are bonded to the enamel using acid etch techniques. Total etch adhesion systems are still considered as the gold standard among bonding systems. However, clinicians have a tendency to use adhesive systems with simpler application procedures. The aim of the present study is to compare the shearbond strength of composite restorations to intact enamel of primary incisors when using different conditioners and adhesive systems. Materials and methods:This experimental study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 53 teeth were collected and classified into five groups based on the bonding procedure. After composite buildup, specimens were placed in a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 1mm/ min. Inter-group comparison of the shearbond strength to enamel was analyzed employing one-way-ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (Version 17, Chicago, IL, USA). Results:The highest shearbond strength was found in the second (37% phosphoric acid etching + Margin Bond adhesive system) and fifth groups (37% phosphoric acid etch + Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system), and the lowest bond strength was found in the third group (Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system alone) (p = 0.00). Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study, surface pre-treatment with 37% phosphoric acidalong with self-etching adhesive system resulted in increased shearbond strength in vitro. This method can be further studied in clinical settings.
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