Cu-13Al-0.545Be shape memory alloy are heat treatment at different temperature and time. The microstructure of alloy after heat treatment at 850°C, 650°C and aging at 150°C ,450°C and 550°C for 2, 4 and 6 h study by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. Bending test is use to show effect of heat treatment on super-elastic and shape memory effect.Micro hardness test used to show effect of heat treatment on micro hardness .shape memory effect increase at heat treatment 650°C and aging at 150°C, while at 450°C and 550°C will decrease because precipitate formation rate rises with increase in temperature and time. The hardness and precipitates in the alloy increases with increasing ageing duration. Higher ageing temperature avoids the imperfection by moving and filling the empty space thereby hardens the alloy.
This study aims to obtain the optimal variable for depositing (HA, TiO2 and Composite) Nanomaterial on NiTi SMAs. Taguchi approach (with L9 array) was used to obtain the optimal conditions for coating produced by Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) techniques. The deposition process was done in different conditions (voltage, time, concentration and degree of grinding). Voltages were used (20, 40 and 60) volts, the time is (2, 4 and 6) min, the degree of the surface roughness (180, 500 and 1200) µm while the concentration of HA and TiO2 are (2, 4, and 6) g/L for each one. Chitosan (biopolymer) was used as binder material to the ceramic materials. The result of the Taguchi approach detected that the best conditions of HA layer are (20 V, 4 min, 2%C and the degree of surface 180), TiO2 is (20 V, 4 min, 4%C and the degree of surface 180) and composite layer is (60 V, 4 min, 4%C and the degree of surface 180). Solutions stability was measured by utilizing Zeta potential tests; which clarified good stability for all of them. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize and study the surface of the coating layers. The bonding adhesion was measured using a tape test in order to evaluate the adhesion bonding between the coating and substrate. It found that the percentage of removal coating area for samples were (8.8%for HA, 4.9% for TiO2 and 6.9% of the composite layer.
Commercial purity iron powders were produced by using a new hydrometallurgy process. It was found that the most important factor in enhancing the purity of iron was the number of water washing process. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the high peak purity of iron powder increased with increasing the number of water washing. The developed new methodology was based on the reaction between the aqueous ferrous sulfate and the hydrochloric acid with the presence of high purity aluminum flake. The purity of iron powders increased considerably with increasing the multi-water washing for leachate containing iron powders. The purity of iron powders was reached up to approximately 93.5%. The mean particle size distribution and apparent density for the highest value of purity are 50-100 µm and 2.85 g/cm3 respectively.
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