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When a patient enters the end stage of life threatening disease like cancer, treatment of pain and other symptoms must be considered to preserve quality of life (Gielen et al., 2011) [1]. Nurses have an important role in the care of patients who suffered from life threatening diseases. End of life cares is one of the routine activities of nurses (Gott et al., 2012) [2]. We surveyed knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses who worked in the hospitals of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences towards palliative care from January 2016 to May 2016. A self-administered Persian questionnaire was used for data collection. The attitude scale was adopted from Frommelt Attitude toward Care of the Dying (Frommelt, 1991) and the knowledge questions were adopted from the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (Ross et al., 1996). The practice questions were also adopted from different related studies. Data analysis was performed by SPSS Statistics software for windows version 16. Our study showed that majority of nurses had favorable attitude but poor knowledge and practice towards palliative care. The results emphasize the importance and need for developing palliative care services in our hospitals.

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Objectives: Natural products such as chamomile have been used throughout the world for centuries as alternative medicines or functional food. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) has been applied for centuries as an herbal remedy for treat various inflammatory conditions such as eczema, ulcers, gout, neuralgia and rheumatic pains. Materials and Methods: This study was a single blind clinical trial. The samples will be placed in two groups of intervention (55 people) and control (55 people) by convenient sampling and random blocked. In the study, level of anxiety and depression in patients were measured in both groups by anxiety and depression questionnaires. Results: The mean of depression scores before and after the intervention in the intervention group was 25.81 and 19.49, respectively. Mean score of depression before and after intervention was 25.83 and 24.90 in control group. Results shows the mean scores of depression before and after intervention in the intervention and control group were difference significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: Chamomile tea can be used as an alternative treatment to depression therapy in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy due to its low, safe, simple and affordable side effects. Chamomile tea is recommended for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy as an effective way to reduce symptoms of depression.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with two methods (on‐pump or off‐pump) can be used to rescue individuals with severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Each method might cause an inflammatory response, which can lead to some complications. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in serum concentrations of IFN‐γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, VEGF, MCP‐1, and epidermal growth factor between the two CABG surgery methods. Forty‐eight patients (22 = on‐pump, 26 = off‐pump) who underwent on‐pump or off‐pump CABG surgery were enrolled in this study. Serum cytokines levels were measured in two blood samples, the first sample was taken from each patient in the morning of the day of surgery after a 12‐hr fasting and the second sample on the first postoperative day at 24‐hr after surgery. In baseline, comparisons between the two groups of on‐pump/off‐pump surgery did not show any significant difference in demographic data, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile indices, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels (p > .05). There was a significant difference between the serum levels of IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IFN‐γ, and MCP‐1 in patients with on‐pump surgery and a significant increase in serum IL‐6 (p < .001), IL8 (p < .05), VEGF (p < .001), and IFN‐γ (p < .01) levels in patients with off‐pump surgery in post‐operation stage compared to pre‐operation. Cardiopulmonary pump in patients under CABG surgery can activate systemic inflammation and the changes of serum cytokines levels in off‐pump CABG were lower compared with on‐pump CABG.

Objectives: Sudden cardiac arrest is a major cause of death in the adult population of developed countries, with only 10%-15% of cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPRs) being successful. We aimed to compare the effects of interposed abdominal compression CPR (IAC-CPR) with standard CPR (STD-CPR) methods on end-tidal CO 2 (ETCO 2 ) and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest in a hospital setting.Methods: After cardiac arrest was confirmed in a patient at Mashhad Ghaem Hospital, 80 cases were randomly assigned to one of the two methods of resuscitation, either IAC-CPR or STD-CPR, respectively. The inclusion criteria for the study were nontraumatic cardiac arrest, in patients between the age of 18 and 85 years, and the presence of endotracheal tube. Exclusion criteria were abdominal surgery in the past 2 weeks, active gastrointestinal bleeding, pulmonary embolism, and suspected pregnancy.Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups in ETCO 2 (p < 0.003), but there was no significant difference as far as the ROSC (p > 0.50). Conclusion:The increase in the ETCO 2 during IAC-CPR is an indicator of the increase in cardiac output following the use of this method of CPR.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2016;23:448-454