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The current study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of mushroom-uncultivated and -cultivated substrates, and their in vitro gas and methane production. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, and analyzed with GLM using SAS 9.4. Analysis of the structural morphology of mushroom-cultivated substrate was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Mushroom cultivation led to lower ether extract, acid detergent fiber, and crude fiber level of substrate (p < 0.05). Mushroom-cultivated substrate showed higher in vitro cumulative gas production (p < 0.05). Moreover, mushroom cultivation led to a higher sample surface, and improved the microorganisms’ access to feed materials, thus stimulating rumen fermentation and increasing methane production (p < 0.05). The organic matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and net energy lactation values were higher for mushroom-cultivated substrate than uncultivated substrate. The results demonstrate that mushroom-cultivation not only increases the contact surface of cellulose, leading to higher ruminal microorganisms’ access to feedstuff, but could also had higher nutritive value; this material might be used in ruminant ration formulation, to reduce environmental pollution and feed costs.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical content, in vitro gas and methane production, relative feed value (RFV), relative feed quality (RFQ), in vitro digestibility parameters, and microbial protein production of the Italian ryegrass plants harvested in different periods of the 2020 production season in Erzincan. In this study an ANKOM Daisy Incubator was used to determine the in vitro digestibility parameters. In vitro gas production technique was used todetermine gas production and predicted parameters. It was found that there were significant differences between the Italian ryegrass plants harvested in different periods in terms of composition, RFV, RFQ, and in vitro digestibility and fermentation parameters. The RFV, metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE), true NDF digestibility (TNDFD), organic matter digestibility degree (OMDD), total digestible nutrient (TDN), dry matter intake (DMI), and RFQ values of the Italian ryegrass plants were found to be 247.32, 9.13, 5.68, 62.26%, 54.15%, 55.35%, 4.82%, and 215.81, respectively. On the other hand, after 24 hours of incubation it’s in vitro gas (GP), and methane production (ml and %), true dry matter digestibility (TDMD) values, partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein (MP), microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE), and true digestibility (TD) were found to be 105.41, 17.35, 16.42, 281.72, 2.68, 57.68, 20.32, and 59.82, respectively. In conclusion, determining the digestibility of plants via the measurement of RFV, RFQ, digestion parameters, and gas production in different harvest periods provided insights into the potential of Italian ryegrass as a feed material.

Chemical composition of forage crops (35% hungarian vetch, 35% forage peas, 10% oats, 10% triticale, 10% wheat) of different harvest times and fertilizer applications at different doses, relative feed value (RFV), relative feed quality (RFQ , energy contents (ME, NEL), in vitro digestibility parameters (TNDFD, TOMD, TDN, DMI), in vitro gas production, methane (CH 4 ) production, fractionation factor (PF), microbial protein (MP) and microbial protein synthesis efficiency Ankom Daisy in vitro fermentation system and in vitro gas production technique were used in the research carried out to determine their effects on (MPSE) and true degree of digestion (TDD). Harvesting at different times significantly affected (P<0.05) the CP

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of different doses (10, 20 and 30%) of sumac shrub leaf substitution instead of corn silage in sheep rations on in vitro gas and methane production, metabolic energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and organic matter digestion degree. Sheep ration consisting of corn silage (20%), alfalfa straw (22.5%), dry meadow grass (20%), and commercial feed (37.5%) constituted the control group. The experimental groups were formed by substituting 10 (S1), 20 (S2) and 30 (S3) percent sumac shrub leaves for corn silage in the control (C) group formed the experimental groups. The effect of sumac shrub leaf substitution on in vitro gas and methane production, metabolic energy, net energy lactation, and organic matter digestion degree was found to be significant. The 24-hour in vitro gas production values of rations ranged between 43.11- 46.77 ml/200 mg DM, methane production values 6.8-7.48 ml, metabolic energy values 8.91-9.41 MJ/kg DM, net energy lactation, 5.59-5.95 MJ/kg DM and organic matter digestion degree values found between 64.25 and 67.61%. As a result, it was determined that increasing doses of sumac shrub leaf substitute reduced gas and methane production. In addition, it was concluded that the data obtained should be supported by determining the microorganism counts, feed consumption amounts, and feed efficiency coefficients with in vivo studies.

Bu çalışmada, çayır otunun 3 farklı fermantasyona uğratılarak yem değeri üzerine olan etkisinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çayır out; silaj suyu (SS), peynir altı suyu (PAS) ve PAS+SS (1:1) ile %70 nem içeriğinde 30 günlük fermantasyona tabi tutulmuştur. Fermantasyonun 0. 15. ve 30. günlerinde örnekler alınarak kimyasal ve in vitro gaz üretimindeki değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Kimyasal analiz sonucunda ham kül içeriği 30. gün örneklerde SS fermantasyonunda artarken, PAS fermantasyonunda azalmıştır. Fermantasyonun NDF ve ADF içerikleri üzerine etkisini 15. gün örneklerde önemli bulunmuştur. Selüloz içeriğine bakıldığında ise SS fermantasyonunda arttığı, PAS+SS fermantasyonunda ise azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Fermantasyonun gaz üretimine etkisi incelendiğinde ise 0. gün örneklere göre SS fermantasyonunda azaldığı, PAS fermantasyonunda ise 15. gün örneklerinde artmasına rağmen 30. gün örneklerinde azaldığı saptanmıştır. SS fermantasyonu % metan üretimini artırırken, PAS fermantasyonu net metan ve % metan içeriğini azaltmıştır. SS ve PAS ile yürütülen fermantasyonların gerçek sindirim derecesi, gerçek sindirilebilir kuru madde, taksimat faktörü, mikrobiyal protein ve mikrobiyal protein sentezleme etkinliği üzerine pozitif etkisi olmuştur. Fermantasyon sırasında açığa çıkan enterik metan hem küresel ısınmaya hem de yemin enerji kaybına neden olmasından dolayı hem çevreciler ve hem de hayvan beslemeciler tarafından arzu edilmemektedir. Metan gazı karbondioksit gazından sonra küresel ısınmaya neden olan ikinci gazdır. SS fermantasyonun metan içeriğini artırdığı, PAS ve PAS+SS ile yürütülen fermantasyonlarda azaldığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, katı faz fermantasyonu ile özellikle de PAS fermantasyonu sonucunda çayır otunun içeriğinin iyileştiği söylenebilir.