Abstract.A double aortic arch is described in an 8-week-old female Siamese cat. In this case a vascular ring anomaly consistent with a double aortic arch is described in a cat. Stridor and dysphagia were noted in the cat. Radiography showed an esophageal dilation, with constriction at the fifth intercostal space. At necropsy, the esophagus and trachea were constricted at the base of the heart. The cause of the constriction of both the esophagus and trachea was a vascular ring formed by well-developed right and left aortic arches. The ascending aorta divided into two asymmetrical arches. The right aortic arch was larger than the left. The origin of the major arteries from the aortic arches were anomalous.

Forty-one mammary gland tumors from twenty eight bitches were used for the study. Ultrasonographic examinations of tumor masses were performed before surgical excision and a quadratic region-of-interest (ROI) was chosen randomly on B-mode tumor images for the echotexture analyses. All tumors were evaluated histopathologically after surgery. Contrast (CONT), Mean Gradient (MG), Mean Value (MV), Homogeneity (HOM), Entropy (ENTR) and Gray Value (GV) parameters were used for the texture analyses of ultrasonographic images. Ultrasonographic image characteristics were additionally evaluated by the following macroscopic patterns: tumor shape, invasion of tumor to surrounding tissue, tumor border sharpness, echogenicity of tumor, hyperechogenic artifact, anechogenic artifact, and shadow around tumor. After B-mode ultrasonographic examination, Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI), Peak Systolic Flow Velocity (Vmax) and Number of Color Pixel (CP) parameters were evaluated by means of color Doppler sonography. Statistical analysis of the HOM and GV parameters indicated that there was a significant difference between benign (3.10 and 1.14) and malignant tumors (1.54 and 0.57; P<0.01). Besides, a significant difference was found between images of MalignantMixed Tumors (MMT) and Benign-Mixed Tumors (BMT) with regard to CONT and HOM (p< 0.001). In addition, MV was significantly higher in malignant tumors in comparison to the benign cases (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between tumor size and MV in malignant tumor and adenocarcinoma cases (-0.991/ P<0.05; -0.999/P<0.01, respectively). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between tumor size and GV (0.961/P<0.05) in malignant tumors. Keywords

Introduction: To investigate the effect of tadalafil on Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) in partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were assigned into two groups. Baseline renal Doppler ultrasonography (USG) was performed in all rabbits. The rabbits in group 1 received tadalafil for a month (10 mg/72 h) and group 2 was defined as sham. After 1 month, in both groups left PUUO was created. Renal Doppler USG was performed to measure RI and PI parameters of both kidneys on the 4th hour and 1st and 3rd days postoperatively. Results: Baseline renal Doppler USG revealed that there was no difference between two kidneys in both groups. The differences in mean RI and PI values of the kidneys between the sham and tadalafil groups were not statistically significant. Compared with the preoperative values, postoperative RI and PI values for the left kidneys were significantly increased in the period from 4 h to 3 days postoperatively in the sham group (p < 0.05). However, mean RI and PI values were not increased in the tadalafil group when compared with the sham group and this difference between the two groups was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Tadalafil has a lowering affect on RI and PI in experimentally created PUUO.

The knee joint is not only the most important and complex structure to present during anatomy lectures, but also a significant region for radiologists and orthopedicians. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to evaluate the efficacy of plastinated specimens by measuring colorimetric differentiation and 2) to compare the anatomical structures of the images obtained from computed tomography (CT) and silicone plastination cross-sections and perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models of the specimens. A total of 16 knee joints selected from the 10% formalin fixed/dissected group (n=6), non-fixed/dissected group (n=6) and non-dissected whole knee joint group (n=4) were scanned by CT and plastinated by using the S10B silicone technique. The color changes of the structures were quantitatively determined with the colorimeter device. Plastinated whole knee joints were cut transversally with a band saw and compared with CT images. Finally, 3D reconstruction of the knee joints was performed from CT images with the 3D reconstruction program. There were statistically significant differences between the fixed and non-fixed groups in terms of color changes (p<0.001). The anatomical structures were identified and matched in the cross-sections of plastinates and corresponding CT images. It was observed that plastinated samples were elastic, durable and non-hazardous specimens to use in the veterinary orthopedics and anatomy courses and lectures. It has been found that fixation was useful for the final product morphology. It is thought that the 3D images obtained from this study will support comprehension of the relationships between the bones, muscles, and ligaments.

SummaryThis study was carried out to determine the effects of short-acting anaesthetics on haemodynamic function determined by Doppler ultrasonography. Prior to anaesthesia, Doppler parameters [peak systolic blood flow velocity (psBFV), end-diastolic blood flow velocity (edBFV), minimum diastolic blood flow velocity (mdBFV) and resistive index (RI)] were obtained from the right common carotid artery (CCA), abdominal aorta (AA) and right kidney in New Zealand rabbits (n=24). Animals were then divided into 3 groups to be anaesthetized with propofol (Group P), 2.5% thiopental sodium (Group T) and xylazine/ketamine HCl (Group XK). During anaesthesia the same Doppler measurements were made. Compared with baseline values, psBFV obtained from CCA increased in Group P (P<0.02) and insignificantly changed in Groups T and XK. psBFV measured from AA in Groups T and XK decreased as compared with baseline values. In the right kidney, psBFV in Group P and edBFV in Group T increased, whereas RI value in Groups T and XK decreased. In conclusion, comparing baseline values, propofol anaesthesia did not significantly alter RI measured from CCA and kidney and blood flow velocities measured from AA. The data suggest that propofol anaesthesia in rabbits results in minimal changes in Doppler parameters. Keywords: Short-acting anaesthetic, Haemodynamic function, Doppler ultrasonography, Rabbit Kısa-Etkili Anesteziklerin Tavşanlarda Hemodinamik Fonksiyonlara Etkilerinin Doppler Ultrasonografi ile Değerlendirilmesi ÖzetBu çalışma, kısa etkili anesteziklerin Doppler ultrasonografi ile saptanan hemodinamik fonksiyonlara etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Anestezi öncesi Yeni Zelanda tavşanlarının (n=24) sağ arteria carotis communis (CCA), aorta abdominalis (AA) ve sağ böbreğinden Doppler parametreleri [en yüksek sistolik kan akım hızı (psBFV), diyastol sonu kan akım hızı (edBFV), en düşük diyastolik kan akım hızı (mdBFV) ve rezistif indeks (RI)] elde edildi. Hayvanlar propofol (Grup P), %2.5 tiyopental sodyum (Grup T) ve ksilazin/ ketamin HCl (Grup XK) ile anestezi altına alınarak, üç grup oluşturuldu. Anestezi sırasında aynı ölçümler tekrarlandı. Bazal değerler ile karşılaştırıldığında CCA'dan elde edilen psBFV Grup P'de yükseldi ve Grup T ve XK'daki değişim önemsizdi. Grup T ve XK'da AA'dan ölçülen psBFV bazal değerler ile kıyaslandığında azaldı. Sağ böbrekte, Grup P'nin psBFV ve Grup T'nin edBFV değerleri artarken, Grup T ve XK'da RI değeri azaldı. Sonuç olarak, propofol anestezisi bazal parametreler ile karşılaştırıldığında, CCA'deki RI, intrarenal RI ve AA'daki kan akımı hızlarını önemli ölçüde değiştirmediği tespit edildi. Veriler propofol anestezisinin tavşanlarda Doppler parametrelerini minimal düzeyde etkilediğini göstermektedir.

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare diagnostic efficiency of excretory urography (EU), ultrasonography-guided percutaneous antegrade pyelography (UGPAP), and renal Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) in New Zealand rabbits (n= 20) experimentally induced unilateral partial ureteral obstruction. The resistive index (RI) value was obtained from all rabbits prior to the induction. A partial ureteral obstruction was created on the left ureter by laparotomy in all rabbits. Applications of direct renal DUS and renal DUS after furosemide administration were performed on days 1 and 10 post-operation. Rabbits were divided into two groups. Rabbits in the first group were subjected to EU, whereas those in the second group were subjected to UGPAP. The obstructive point was successfully determined all rabbits in the EU group on both days 1 and 10 post-operation, whereas in 8 rabbits on day 1 post-operation and all rabbits on day 10 post-operation in the UGPAP group. On both measurements, the mean RI values of the obstructed and nonobstructed kidneys were different (0.567 vs. 0.494; P<0.001). The RI value of non-obstructed kidneys decreased further with furosemide administration. The mean RI difference (RIΔ) after furosemide administration increased. In conclusion, in addition to EU and UGPAP, commonly used imagining methods in veterinary medicine, renal DUS after diuretic administration should be performed as a non-invasive technique to increase diagnostic efficiency of unilateral partial ureteral obstruction. Resistive indeks (RI) değeri, obstruksiyon şekillendirilmeden önce bütün tavşanlarda elde edildi ve laparatomi yapılarak tavşanların sol üreterlerinde parsiyel üreteral obstruksiyon oluşturuldu. Post-operatif 1. ve 10. günlerde bütün tavşanlara direkt renal DUS ve furosemid uygulaması sonrası DUS yapıldı. Tavşanlar onarlı iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba EÜ, ikinci gruba ise UGPAP yapıldı. İki farklı zamandaki EÜ grubunda bütün tavşanlarda; UGPAP grubunda ise 1. günde 8 tavşanda, 10. günde ise bütün tavşanlarda obstruktif odak belirlendi. Her iki ölçüm zamanında obstruktif böbreğin ortalama RI değeri (0.567) ile non-obstruktif böbreğin ortalama RI değerinde (0.494) arasında fark vardı (P<0.001). Non-obstruktif böbreğin RI değeri furosemid uygulaması ile daha da azaldı. Furosemid uygulaması sonrasında ortalama RI farkı (RIΔ) arttı. Sonuç olarak; unilateral parsiyel üreteral obstruksiyonun tanısında, Veteriner Hekimlikte yaygın olarak kullanılan EÜ ve UGPAP tanı yöntemlerinin yanı sıra non-invaziv bir yöntem olan renal DUS'nin, diüretik uygulaması ile tanı yöntemi olarak kullanılabileceği kanısına varıldı. Keywords

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ÖzetBu klinik çalışmada, köpeklerde ön çapraz bağ kopuklarının (ÖÇB) tedavisinde kullanılan ekstrakapsüler tedavi yöntemlerinden Tibial Plato Düzeltici Osteotomi (TPDO) operasyon tekniğinde bir implant sistemi olan kilitli TPDO plakların klinik olgularda kullanılması ve yöntemin klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyalini, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi küçük hayvan kliniğine topallık şikayeti ile getirilen ve klinik, radyografik ve artroskopik muayeneyle ÖÇB kopuğu tanısı konan, değişik yaş ve cinsiyette 15 büyük ırk köpek oluşturdu. Tüm olgular postoperatif 0, 10, 25, 60, 90 ve 120. günlerde ilgili ekstremite yönünden klinik ve radyografik muayeneleri yapılarak TPDO plağı gevşemesi, implant yetersizliği ve gelişebilecek diğer komplikasyonlar yönünden izlendi. Ayrıca postoperatif muayene periyotlarında olguların ilgili ekstremitedeki topallık ve ağrı duyumları skorlanarak değerlendirildi. Çalışma materyalini oluşturan olguların TPDO operasyonu ve tibia proksimalindeki osteotomi hattının kilitli TPDO plakları ile yapılan fikzasyonunu izleyen sürelerde özellikle implant gevşemesi dahil olmak üzere herhangi bir komplikasyon gelişimi gözlenmedi. Anahtar sözcükler: Köpek, Kilitli TPDO plağı, Ön çapraz bağ, TPDO The Use and Interpretation of Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) in Dogs in Cranial Cruciate Ligament Lesions SummaryIn this clinical study, utilisation of a newly described implant system which is called locking TPLO plates in TPLO surgery technique, one of the extracapsular treatment methods, for treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in dogs in clinical cases and evaluation of clinical and radiological results of the method is aimed. The materials of this study are, 15 large breed dogs with different age and sex which were brought to Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Clinic with clinical evidence of rear limb lameness, in these dogs the anterior cruciate ligament rupture was diagnosed after clinical, radiological and arthroscopic examination The dogs which were included in the study, were examined clinically and radiographically on 0, 10 th , 25 th , 60 th , 90 th , and 120 th days. All cases were examined for TPLO plate loosening, implant failure and other complications that may develop postoperatively. Also in the postoperative examination period, the limb lameness and pain sensations of the patients were scored. After TPLO surgery and fixation of the osteotomy line proximal to tibia with locking TPLO plates, patients were examinated in post operative period for possible complications, especially implant loosening, but no complication was observed.