In experimental testicular torsion, ischemic changes can be detected by PDUS power/angio mode using blood flow alterations as early as the second hour. Tissue damage cannot be evaluated within the first 2 hours of torsion with B-mode ETX analysis.

Echotexture parameters determined by the evaluation of sonographic B-mode images reflect changes in the endometrium and could be used for the evaluation of the recovery period after treatment of endometritis.

Forty-one mammary gland tumors from twenty eight bitches were used for the study. Ultrasonographic examinations of tumor masses were performed before surgical excision and a quadratic region-of-interest (ROI) was chosen randomly on B-mode tumor images for the echotexture analyses. All tumors were evaluated histopathologically after surgery. Contrast (CONT), Mean Gradient (MG), Mean Value (MV), Homogeneity (HOM), Entropy (ENTR) and Gray Value (GV) parameters were used for the texture analyses of ultrasonographic images. Ultrasonographic image characteristics were additionally evaluated by the following macroscopic patterns: tumor shape, invasion of tumor to surrounding tissue, tumor border sharpness, echogenicity of tumor, hyperechogenic artifact, anechogenic artifact, and shadow around tumor. After B-mode ultrasonographic examination, Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI), Peak Systolic Flow Velocity (Vmax) and Number of Color Pixel (CP) parameters were evaluated by means of color Doppler sonography. Statistical analysis of the HOM and GV parameters indicated that there was a significant difference between benign (3.10 and 1.14) and malignant tumors (1.54 and 0.57; P<0.01). Besides, a significant difference was found between images of MalignantMixed Tumors (MMT) and Benign-Mixed Tumors (BMT) with regard to CONT and HOM (p< 0.001). In addition, MV was significantly higher in malignant tumors in comparison to the benign cases (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between tumor size and MV in malignant tumor and adenocarcinoma cases (-0.991/ P<0.05; -0.999/P<0.01, respectively). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between tumor size and GV (0.961/P<0.05) in malignant tumors. Keywords

Background/aim: To evaluate the effects of hysterectomy on rat ovaries and the possible protective role of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist-rosiglitazone against ovarian reserve decrement. Materials and methods: Forty-five adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Hysterectomy was performed (n = 15) in group 1 [H]; 1 mg/kg/day PPAR-γ agonist/rosiglitazone was used for 50 days after hysterectomy (n = 15) in group 2 [H + R]; a sham operation was performed (n = 15) in group 3 [control, C]. Blood samples were collected for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) evaluation in all groups and simultaneous ovarian Doppler examination was performed in [H] and [H + R] groups before and after (50 days) hysterectomy. All animals were sacrificed to obtain ovaries for histological examination. Results: AMH levels were found to be significantly decreased at postoperative day 50 in all groups (P < 0.05). Histopathologic analysis showed that primary, preantral, and antral follicle counts were significantly higher in the [H] group as compared to the [C] and [H + R] groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the [C] and [H + R] groups in terms of follicle numbers (P > 0.05). In the ovarian Doppler blood flow analysis, all parameters were significantly decreased in group [H] (P < 0.05), but not in the [H + R] group (P > 0.05) on postoperative day 50. Conclusion: Hysterectomy affects the histopathological structure of rat ovaries and PPAR-γ agonist-rosiglitazone improves the ovarian Doppler blood flow parameters.