Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass die Energie‐ und CO2‐Einsparung im Gebäudebereich eine zentrale Rolle auf dem Weg zur Erfüllung des Kyoto‐Protokolls und zur Einhaltung der Klimaziele spielt. Während man im Wohn‐ und Bürobereich schon am Plusenergielevel arbeitet, waren bis vor Kurzem alle Optimierungen und Verbesserungen in den Museen nur auf den Haustechnikbereich begrenzt. Der ständig steigende Einsatz von technisch gestützter Klimatisierung hat jedoch im Vergleich mit konventionellen, “passiven“ Klimakonzepten nicht zu der erwarteten signifikanten Verbesserung im historischen Baubestand geführt, dafür aber zu einer enormen Kostensteigerung im Bereich der Haustechnik sowie im laufenden Betrieb. Im Rahmen der hier präsentierten Untersuchungen wurden am Beispiel eines realen Objektes (Neue Burg in Wien) verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Transmissions‐ und Lüftungswärmeverluste sowie zur Reduktion der sommerlichen Wärmeeinträge durch Fenster durchgeführt und deren Auswirkung bewertet. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch relativ einfache Maßnahmen das thermische Verhalten von historischen Kastenfenstern um mindestens 25 % verbessert werden kannEnergy performance optimization of historic box‐type windows. It is well known that the energy and CO2 savings in the building sector play a key role in meeting the Kyoto Protocol and climate change targets. While plus energy levels are already being reached in the residential and office building sectors, all optimizations and improvements in museums were limited only to the building services sector until recently. The constantly increasing use of technology‐based air conditioning in comparison with conventional “passive” climate concepts do not result in the expected significant improvements in historical buildings, but an enormous increase in the operating costs of building services. In the study presented here, various measures to reduce transmission and ventilation heat losses, as well as the reduction of summer heat gains through windows were carried out and their effect evaluated on a real object (Neue Burg in Vienna). It has been shown that by relatively simple measures the thermal performance of historic box‐type windows can be improved by at least 25 %.
Due to climate change, ceiling paintings in many historic buildings are subjected to increasingly high short-term temperature change, resulting in high thermal tension caused by the construction assembly. This article focuses on the combined use of timed IR imaging and numeric modelling to evaluate insulation measures on the upper side of a ceiling to reduce thermal tensions in the painting layers, overheating in summer as well as cooling down in winter. As a model room, the southern splendour stair hall in the Burgtheater Vienna was chosen. Famous ceiling paintings created from 1886 to 1888 by Gustav Klimt and his brother Ernst Klimt can be found on this ceiling. The results show that timed IR imaging is an adequate tool to study the transient thermal behaviour of ceiling paintings which are not accessible to standard sensor measurements. Moreover, it could be shown that the presented measurement technique is well suited to validate a numeric model. The latter was applied to evaluate the potential insulation on the top of the ceiling. It was shown that cooling loads and energy loss in the room underneath can be reduced and most importantly the thermal stress in painting layers is reduced. The findings are relevant as, due to global warming, the current situation in many buildings is worsening. Considering the great intangible cultural value of many ceiling paintings, the application of the presented evaluation strategy for building physical boundaries on a ceiling with paintings seems to be appropriate.
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