The results of studies to determine the optimal level of input of a complex of macronutrients in protein-vitamin-mineral supplements are given, their influence on digestibility, the use of feed nutrients, hematological parameters, growth and development of young pigs are studied. Feeding in the composition of grain-cereal rations of 12.5% protein-vitamin-mineral supplements with elevated levels of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, J, Se contributes to an increase in pigs by 5.5-8.5% of daily gains, by 8-12 days of early maturity, by 0.28-3.35% slaughter yield, by 12.1-19.5% meat ratio. Bringing microelements to the optimum level in protein-vitamin-mineral supplements composition contributes to a significant increase in the digestibility of organic matter and raw fat. Reducing the level of trace elements by 30% hinders the process of digestion of feed. The use of 12.5% protein-vitamin-mineral supplements with a high content of trace elements in grain-cereal rations of pigs has a significant effect on the degree of utilization of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, manganese. When protein-vitamin-mineral supplements are fed with an optimal level of trace elements in the composition of diets of young pigs, it contributes to an increase in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and its fractions. A 30% increase in the level of trace elements in protein-vitamin-mineral supplements provides for obtaining high-energy meat with a high content of dry matter, protein and fat. The inclusion in the composition of grain-cereal rations of protein-vitamin-mineral supplements with the optimal level of trace elements helps to reduce the cost of feed by 5.2-7.8%, to obtain 3.8 kg of additional growth.
The purpose of this chapter was to study the influence of humic substances on the formation of the safety and quality of poultry meat. The high abilities of the natural and organic complex of humic acids “Reasil®HumicHealth” (produced in Russia, Saratov) to sorb and desorb five mycotoxins of compound feed (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin, toxin T-2, zearalenone and fuminisin B1) were experimentally established. The hepatoprotective ability of humic acids was observed in experiments on broilers using rapeseed meal containing an increased amount of secondary plant metabolites that could cause liver damage. It was found out that the inclusion of humic acids in the amount of 1 and 1.5 g per 1 kg of feed to the main diet of broiler chickens has a more stable positive effect, both in terms of slaughter indicators (yield of semieviscerated carcasses and carcasses of complete evisceration), and in the production of the most valuable natural semi-finished products (breast, chicken legs) due to the intensive growth of muscle tissue. A clear improvement in the morpho-biochemical and immunological parameters of blood and micromorphometric characteristics of the organs of the immune system of poultry was noted with the use of different concentrations of humic acid salts. The use of the additive at the rate of 1 and 1.5 g per 1 kg of feed does not negatively affect the sensory indicators of finished culinary products.
Based on the results obtained in the experiment on the growth and development of a hybrid of Russian and Siberian sturgeon (RO ? LO) when using various dosages of the biologically active feed additive "Abiotonic" in feeding, the feed conversion of the sturgeon hybrid was calculated. The calculation of the economic efficiency of growing a sturgeon hybrid showed that when selling fish, the largest gross profit was obtained in the group fed with 1 ml of the Abiotonic feed additive per 1 kg of fish weight. The cost of 1 kg of fish in this experimental group was lower than the control figures and data on the cost of 1 kg of fish from the experimental group, which was introduced into the diet of 0.5 ml of the additive, by 16.53 and 1.19 rubles. The profitability of growing sturgeon hybrid when included in the diets of 0.5 and 1.0 ml of the biologically active additive "Abiotonic" was approximately at the same level and amounted to 22.86% and 22.71%, which is higher than the control figures by 1.98 and 1.83%.
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