Based on the results obtained in the experiment on the growth and development of a hybrid of Russian and Siberian sturgeon (RO ? LO) when using various dosages of the biologically active feed additive "Abiotonic" in feeding, the feed conversion of the sturgeon hybrid was calculated. The calculation of the economic efficiency of growing a sturgeon hybrid showed that when selling fish, the largest gross profit was obtained in the group fed with 1 ml of the Abiotonic feed additive per 1 kg of fish weight. The cost of 1 kg of fish in this experimental group was lower than the control figures and data on the cost of 1 kg of fish from the experimental group, which was introduced into the diet of 0.5 ml of the additive, by 16.53 and 1.19 rubles. The profitability of growing sturgeon hybrid when included in the diets of 0.5 and 1.0 ml of the biologically active additive "Abiotonic" was approximately at the same level and amounted to 22.86% and 22.71%, which is higher than the control figures by 1.98 and 1.83%.
The results of the research work on feeding the biologically active additive "Abiotonic" showed that the best growth and development indicators were distinguished by sturgeons of the 2 experimental group, who received 1.0 ml of "Abiotonic" per 1 kg of live weight. The gross increase of one individual during the experiment in this group exceeded the control values by 6.96 %, the average daily increase by 7.1 %, and the relative increase by 9.53 %. Hybrids of the 2 experimental group exceeded the indicators of individuals from the control group in biological carcass length by 9.23 %, in head size by 5.58 %, carcass length by 11.79 %, tail stem length by 8.04 % and tail fin length by 8.56 %. Feeding the feed additive "Abiotonic" did not have a negative effect on the development of the internal organs of sturgeons, they did not have pathological changes in development. The costs of compound feed, crude protein and energy in the experimental groups receiving the feed additive "Abiotonic" with compound feed were 2.0 - 7.9 % lower than the control data.
In aquaculture, the efficiency of fish cultivation depends on the quality of water, its hydrochemical and microbiological indicators. Research in this area is short and insufficient. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of water quality in various fish farming zones of the Russian Federation, including all the factors of pollution and self-purification of ponds, to prevent the transition of intensively used ponds to the category of hypereutrophic, to create conditions that stimulate the process of self-purification of water. The authors of this article studied the role of organisms that live in fresh and salty water for self-purification of ponds and the impact of fish-breeding processes on the hydrochemical and microbiological regime of water in fish farming, determined the water quality in the growing ponds of the branch of FSUE Natsrybresurs «Teplovsky Fish Nursery» with mono and polyculture. The obtained results update the information about the influence of pond fish farming on the regime of water reservoirs, in the future they will allow to make changes and maintain the ratio and vital activity of hydrobionts in the biocenosis of fish ponds at best possible level.
The introduction of high-protein feed from crustacean processing products in the form of flour into the composition of the rainbow trout compound feed has a positive effect on the growth of fish live weight, reduces feed costs, does not change the biochemical composition of the blood, changes the chemical composition of muscle tissue, improves the amino acid rate in the 1st experimental group. Due to the relatively low cost in comparison with fish meal, the use of crayfish meal makes the cost of compound feed cheaper and increases the economic effect of growing rainbow trout.
The article focuses on the problem of obtaining high-quality fish products, for which it is necessary to take into account the specific conditions of each water body. Ponds intensively exploited for fish farming suffer from the violation of the hydrochemical regime of water, accumulation of a significant mass of phytoplankton and increase of organic pollution, which results in fish illness and death. The issues of participation of hydrobionts in the processes of reservoir self-cleaning and the influence of fish-breeding processes on hydrochemical and microbiological characteristics of water in the fish farms are being investigated. The work was carried out on the basis of two fish hatcheries in the Saratov region: “Engels Fish hatchery” LLC and “Teplovsky Fish hatchery” FSUE. Water samples for the study were taken from ponds with uterine population of carp and nursery ponds with polyculture of carp and herbivorous fish, carp monoculture and carp and white carp polyculture. It has been noted that the examined nursery ponds belong to the type mesosaprobic reservoirs. They have a powerful potential for self-purification. With the increasing number of bacteria involved in recycling of dissolved organic matter there is a decrease in biochemical oxigen demand and chemical oxygen demand. In the fish pond microorganisms that provide the processes of water self-purification find favorable conditions for their development and reproduction, especially in polyculture environment. The best indicators of biochemical oxygen demand were observed in ponds with a polyculture of carp and silver carp, because silver carp is a biological ameliorator of the aquatic ecosystem. Maintaining optimal balance between all parts of the hydrobiocenosis of the fishpond and the biochemical processes occurring with the participation of hydrobionts, which contribute to the purification of water, has a positive effect on the quality of water in the reservoir.
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