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-The potential production of rhamnolipid-type biosurfactants is assessed based on the development of a fermentative process with a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1, which was isolated from oil production wastewater in the Northeast of Brazil. These production of molecules using different carbon (n-hexadecane, paraffinic oil, glycerol and babassu oil) and nitrogen sources (NaNO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CH 4 N 2 O) was studied. The best results were obtained when using glycerol as substrate. A C/N ratio of 60/1 and use of sodium nitrate as nitrogen source resulted in higher production of the rhamnolipid, expressed by rhamnose (3.16 g/L) and by the yield in relation to biomass (Yp/x = 0.70 g/g). Additionally, physical-chemical characteristics of the spent broth with and without cells were studied, providing a low critical micelle concentration of 19 mg/L and toxicity values of 13 and 13.8 mg/L using two test organisms, the micro crustacean Daphnia similis and the bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Microtox), respectively.

A B S T R A C TSorghum bicolor (L.) (Moench), which stands out for dry matter yield per hectare, has been considered as potential raw material for biofuels and electricity generation. It has a production cycle of six months, possibility of mechanization of cultivation and harvest and good adaptation to most regions of Brazil. Sorghum genotypes were evaluated for agronomic potential and chemical composition favorable to the production of second-generation ethanol. Three brown midrib (bmr) sorghum mutant hybrids were compared to three conventional hybrids. The bmr sorghum mutant hybrids are associated with reduced lignin content, making these genotypes more promising to the enzymatic conversion processes of the biomass. Sorghum biomass showed a high potential in terms of biomass production, with an average dry matter yield of 26.57 Mg ha −1 . Brown midrib sorghum hybrids showed significantly lower lignin contents than conventional hybrids and demonstrated the potential for cellulosic ethanol production.

O processo de hidrólise do amido da torta de mamona por ácido e pela combinação de a-amilase, glicoamilase e pululanase foi realizado, seguindo de etapa de fermentação. A hidrólise química resultou em 27.3 g L -1 de açúcares com 33.4% de eficiência de hidrólise. O hidrolisado obtido foi fermentado originando 11 g L -1 de etanol (Y P/S =0.48 g g -1 ). A melhor condição de hidrólise enzimática foi (por grama de torta de mamona): 200 µL de a-amilase, a 90 ºC; 200 µL de glicoamilase e 100 µL de pullulanase, ambas a 60 °C, que resultou em 75 g L -1 de açúcares redutores totais, que corresponde a 91.4% de eficiência de hidrólise. Esses açúcares em seguida foram convertidos em 34.5 g L -1 etanol. O processo de hidrólise ácida foi capaz de promover a destoxificação da torta de mamona.The starch hydrolysis process of Castor Bean Cake by (CBC) acid or enzymatic combination of alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and pullulanase was evaluated and followed by fermentation. The chemical hydrolysis resulted in 27.3 g L -1 of sugars with 33.4% of hydrolysis efficiency. The generated hydrolyzate was fermented yielding 11 g L -1 of ethanol (Y P/S =0.48 g g -1 ). The best enzymatic hydrolysis condition was as follows (per gram of CBC): 200 µL of a-amylase, at 90 ºC; 200 µL of glucoamylase and 100 µL of pullulanase, both at 60 °C, which yielded 75 g L -1 of total reducing sugars corresponding to 91.4 % of hydrolysis efficiency. These sugars were subsequently converted to 34.5 g L -1 of ethanol. The acid hydrolysis process was also capable to allow the detoxification of the Castor Bean Cake.

Multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites loaded with up to 0.5 wt % multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared and characterized. Infrared microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical analysis, and electrical conductivity measurements of the composites were performed. Infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed that the debundled nanotubes were well dispersed. The thermal expansion coefficients, before and after the glass transition, remained approximately constant with the addition of nanotubes, whereas the electrical conductivity at room temperature increased approximately 5 orders of magnitude. This result was attributed to the thermal expansion coefficients of the intertube gap on the carbon nanotube bundles, which were in the same range as that of the epoxy resin. Therefore, nanocomposites capable of electrostatic dissipation can be processed as neat epoxy materials with respect to the volume changes with temperature.

Cognição, motricidade, autocuidados, linguagem Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolvimento Hum. 2011; 21(2): 220-229 -220 - Resultados: a análise de correlação parcial revelou que ocorreu correlação estatisticamente significante entre os pares de variáveis: cognição x linguagem, socialização x autocuidado e motor x peso/altura e peso/idade. Discussão: percebeu-se a necessidade de implantação de um programa nas creches na área de desenvolvimento infantil, que integre saúde e educação, e que possa ser planejado a partir da perspectiva do Inventário Portage. A utilização das ferramentas como as definidas no estudo possibilita a otimização dos repertórios das crianças, a capacitação dos educadores e a orientação dos familiares para estimulação das crianças. Conclusão: uma intervenção baseada no Inventário Portage mostra-se promissora para promoção das interações saudáveis entre as crianças e pais/cuidadores. COGNIÇÃO, MOTRICIDADE, AUTOCUIDADOS, LINGUAGEM E SOCIALIZAÇÃO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS EM CRECHEPalavras-chave: atividade motora; cognição; desenvolvimento infantil; linguagem infantil; nutrição infantil; socialização.Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolvimento Hum. 2011; 21(2): 220-229 PESQUISA ORIGINAL ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The production of biosurfactant by Rhodococcus erythropolis during the growth on glycerol was investigated. The process was carried out at 28°C in a 1.5-L bioreactor using glycerol as carbon source. The bioprocess was monitored through measurements of biosurfactant concentration and glycerol consumption. After 51 h of cultivation, 1.7 g/L of biosurfactant, surface, and interfacial tensions values (with n-hexadecane) of 43 and 15 mN/m, respectively, 67% of Emulsifying Index (E24), and 94% of oil removal were obtained. The use of glycerol rather than what happens with hydrophobic carbon source allowed the release of the biosurfactant, originally associated to the cell wall.

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