There is controversy about the benefits of silicon (Si) on tomato plants. This element has structural and metabolic functions in the physiology of plants, generating benefits that may result in increased productivity of various plant species. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotechnical characteristics and the productivity of tomato plants according to the rates and sources of Si. The design was established in randomized blocks with factorial 3x5, corresponding to three sources of silicate (calcium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium silicate) and five doses of Si (equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 kg ha-1 of SiO2). The fertilization with Si increased the commercial productivity of tomato plants and reduced the occurrence of cracked fruits. Calcium and potassium silicates increased the Si levels on the leaves linearly with the increase of the doses, while sodium silicate reduced the levels in larger doses. Silicon fertilization increases the productivity of tomato plants with possible economic return on the use of this input.
RESUMOO experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo avaliar as características morfofisiológicas do tomateiro quando submetido a diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico e, com base nesses resultados, indicar os melhores caracteres para seleção de plantas com maior resistência ao déficit hídrico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que os tratamentos principais (parcelas) foram constituídos por duas linhagens (TOM-684 e M-82) e as subparcelas por quatro níveis de umidade do solo (100 %, 75 %, 50 % e 25 % da capacidade de campo). Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: produção de frutos, massa fresca e seca das folhas, caule e sistema radicular, diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas, número de folhas, fotossíntese, transpiração, temperatura foliar, umidade intercelular, dióxido de carbono intercelular, condutância estomática, condutância de CO 2 intercelular e condutância total. Com a redução da umidade do solo houve redução do número de folhas, altura das plantas, massa fresca e seca das folhas, caule e sistema radicular, transpiração, taxa fotossintética, produção de frutos e aumento da temperatura foliar. A condutância estomática diferiu entre as duas linhagens, com maiores valores para a cultivar TOM-684, que reduziu a condutância estomática de 0,70 para 0,25 mol m -2 s -1 entre os níveis de 100 e 25 % da capacidade de campo. A altura das plantas e o número de folhas podem ser utilizadas em programas de melhoramento como ferramenta para seleção de plantas com maior resistência ao déficit hídrico.Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum; Tolerância a seca; Déficit hídrico; Eficiência do uso da água. ABSTRACTThe experiment was conducted to evaluate the morphological/physiological characteristics of tomato plants when submitted to different levels of water deficit and, based on these results, indicate the best characters for the selection of plants with more tolerance to water deficit. The experimental delineation was in randomized complete block design, with four replications, arranged in splitplot, in which the main treatments (plots) were composed by two strains (TOM-684 and M-82) and the subplots, by four levels of soil moisture (100 %, 75 %, 50 % and 25 % of the field capacity). The following parameters were evaluated: fruit production, leaf, stem and root system fresh and dry mass, , stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, foliar temperature, intracellular moisture, intracellular carbon dioxide, stomatal conductance, conductance of intracellular CO 2 and total conductance. With the reduction of soil moisture occurred reduction in the number of leaves, plant height and leaf, stem and root system fresh and dry mass, transpiration, photosynthetic rate, fruit production and increase of foliar temperature The stomatal conductance differed between both strains, with higher values for the TOM-684 strain, which reduced stomatal conductance from 0,70 to 0,25 mol m -2 s -1 between levels of 100 and 25 % of...
ABSTRACT. The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.), is the only vegetable belonging to the rosacea family. All strawberry species have now emerged from wild species and belong to the genus Fragaria, being that this genus presents more than 45 described species, and only 11 are considered natural species. Due to the octoploid nature of strawberry and its variability after hybridization, selecting one or more characters may result in unfavorable genotypes and even the exclusion of promising ones, because negative genetic correlations have been observed among them that cause inefficient selection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of selection indices in selecting experimental strawberry hybrids for in natura consumption and processing. Seven commercial cultivars and 103 hybrids were used, which were obtained from populations derived from their crossings. The experiment was conducted in augmented blocks, in which four agronomical traits (total mass, amount of commercial fruit, amount of noncommercial fruit, and average fruit mass) and seven physicalchemical traits (soluble solids, soluble solids:titratable acidity ratio, total sugars, total pectin, vigor, and internal and external coloration) were evaluated. For hybrid selection, the following indices were used: Mulamba and Mock (1978), Smith (1936), Hazel (1943, and genotype-ideotype, which selected 20% of the genotypes evaluated. The three indices selected about 9% of the hybrids. The selection of two experimental hybrids (89 and 495) and the use of selection indices resulted in larger estimates of selection gains. The Mulamba and Mock (1978), Smith (1936), andHazel (1943) indices had the highest percentage of gains on selection, and are therefore recommended for the selection of strawberry clones.
RESUMOA distribuição adequada das plantas de cebola (Allium cepa L.) na lavoura torna-se necessária devido a influência sobre a competição por água, luz e nutrientes, determinando o tamanho dos bulbos e a produtividade total. Objetivou-se, no trabalho, avaliar a produtividade e os padrões comerciais de bulbos de cebola, em função da densidade de plantio adotada. As mudas de cebola foram produzidas em bandejas de poliestireno de 200 células, com substrato comercial Plantimax®. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados (DBC) com 4 repetições, com parcelas de 2 m 2 . Utilizou-se a cultivar Buccaneer, nas densidades de 50, 75 e 100 plantas m -2 . Foram avaliadas a produção comercial, a produção total e a massa média de bulbos. Observou-se que a densidade de 100 plantas m -2 proporcionou a maior produtividade (92,20 t ha -1 ). No entanto, a menor densidade de plantas avaliada proporcionou bulbos com a maior massa média (171g). As densidades de 50 e 75 plantas m -2 apresentaram os maiores valores distribuídos na classe 4 (> que 70 até 90 mm de diâmetro) e 3 cheio (> que 60 até 70 mm de diâmetro), respectivamente. A densidade de 100 plantas m -2 proporcionou uma maior quantidade de bulbos na classificação 3 cheio. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o aumento na densidade de plantas proporcionou uma maior produtividade, uma menor massa média de bulbos e uma maior produção na classificação comercial 3 cheio, considerada ideal para comercialização em função da preferência pelos consumidores. Termos para indexação:Allium cepa, densidade populacional, classificação comercial. ABSTRACTThe adequate distribution of onions (Allium cepa L.) within a crop becomes necessary due to their influence on the competition for water, light, and nutrients, which determines the size of the bulbs and the total yield. The goal of this work was to evaluate the yield and commercial pattern of onion bulbs as a function of the crop density employed. The onion seedlings were produced on polystyrene trays with 200 cells filled with commercial substrate Plantimax®. The experiment was carried out according to a randomized block design (RBD), with four replications and 2-m 2 plots. The cultivar Buccaneer was evaluated in densities of 50, 75, and 100 plants m -2 . The commercial bulb yield, the total yield, and the average mass of bulbs were evaluated. The density of 100 plants m -2 provided the greatest yield (92.20 t ha -1 ). However, the lower density of plants provided bulbs with the greatest average mass (171g). Densities of 50 and 75 plants m -2 presented the greatest values distributed in class 4 (> 70 up to 90 mm of diameter) and 3 full (> 60 up to 70 mm of diameter), respectively. Density of 100 plants m -2 provides a larger amount of bulbs in the 3-full classification. The results obtained in this experiment showed that an increase in the density of plants provided greater yield, smaller average mass of bulbs and greater production in the commercial 3-full classification, which is considered ideal for...
OBrasil é o segundo maior consumidor e o maior importador de alho (Allium sativum) do mundo (Souza & Macêdo, 2009). Apesar da crescente oferta do produto no mercado interno, a produção brasileira é insuficiente para atender à demanda nacional (Backes et al., 2008), devido à baixa produtividade (8,2 t ha -1 ) (Souza & Macêdo, 2009). O Brasil tem condições de elevar sua produção a ponto de suprir a demanda interna e até mesmo tornar-se exportador do produto. Uma das vertentes para alcançar tal êxito é a avaliação do maior número possível de cultivares visando estabelecer as melhores para cada região e época de cultivo. Entretanto, não basta o rendimento quantitativo, pois são necessárias pesquisas que identifiquem as cultivares e técnicas que produzam bulbos com baixa incidência de defeitos (Trevisan et al., 1997; Macedo et al., 2006 RESUMOO Brasil tem condições de elevar a produção de alho a ponto de suprir a demanda interna. Para alcançar tal êxito, é necessário avaliar o maior número possível de cultivares visando estabelecer as melhores para cada região. Sendo assim, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o rendimento econômico e a qualidade de bulbos de 20 cultivares de alho na região Centro-Sul do Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido entre os meses de março e setembro de 2009, no município de Guarapuava--PR. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em doze cultivares de alho seminobre e oito cultivares de alho nobre. Foram realizadas as avaliações de produtividade total (PT), produção comercial (PC) e classificação comercial dos bulbos; superbrotamento; e seis caracteres relacionados à morfologia da planta: diâmetro do pseudocaule, comprimento e largura da folha, comprimento, largura e número de bulbilhos. As cultivares do grupo nobre apresentaram PT superior às cultivares do grupo seminobre, porém, não houve diferença com relação à PC. Entre as cultivares do grupo nobre, a São Valentim apresentou a maior PC de bulbos, com 8,9 t ha -1 . As cultivares do grupo nobre apresentaram maior porcentagem de bulbos nas classes 6 e 7, com destaque para as cultivares Chonan, com 40,3% dos bulbos na classe 7 e a cultivar Ito, com 75% dos bulbos nas classes 6 e 7. O oposto foi observado no grupo seminobre, pois a maioria dos bulbos encontra-se nas classes 3, 4 e 5. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas, a cultivar São Valentim se adaptou melhor às condições edafoclimáticas da região, apresentando elevado potencial produtivo. Palavras-chave:Allium sativum, superbrotamento, alho nobre, alho seminobre. ABSTRACT Morphological characterization, commercial yield and productivity of garlic cultivarsBrazil could increase garlic production up to the point of supplying the internal demand. To achieve this success, it is necessary to evaluate the maximum number of cultivars to establish the best ones for each region. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate economic yield and quality of bulbs of 20 garlic cultivars in Center-South Paraná state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out bet...
ABSTRACT. Breeding different strawberry genotypes and plant selection in Brazil could result in new cultivars with better environmental adaptations. The aim was to develop and select new F 1 strawberry plants with higher potential yields. Twelve hybrid populations were obtained from breeding the cultivars Aromas, Camarosa, Dover, Festival, Oso Grande, Sweet Charlie and Tudla, and 42 F 1 hybrids were obtained from each population. An augmented randomized block design was used. Productive traits were measured and heterosis was calculated for all traits. The breedings Dover x Aromas and Camarosa x Aromas both showed 28.6% of their hybrids with a total fruit mass that was higher than that of cv. Aromas, and 9.5 and 14.3% were higher than that of cv. Camarosa, respectively. The breeding of Camarosa x Aromas produced hybrids with high potential yields and a large average fruit mass that reached the commercial standard. Hybrids MCA12-93, MFA12-443 and MCA12-89 showed high potential yields and can be used as parents in strawberry breeding programs.
A qualidade nutricional de frutos de morango das cultivares Camarosa e Sweet Charlie, obtidos em sistemas orgânico e convencional, foi comparada com base na caracterização química dos frutos mediante análises dos teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação (SS/AT), umidade, açúcares redutores e açúcares totais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. De modo geral foi observado efeito diferenciado dos tipos de sistemas de cultivo sobre a maioria das características e, principalmente, do comportamento das cultivares dentro de cada sistema. O sistema de produção convencional foi mais efetivo em aumentar os teores de SS, AT e SS/AT para a cultivar Sweet Charlie e o orgânico para a cultivar Camarosa. A umidade no sistema convencional foi significativamente superior ao orgânico para a cultivar Sweet Charlie. As porcentagens de açúcares totais no sistema convencional foram estatisticamente superiores quando comparadas ao orgânico, para a cultivar Sweet Charlie. Assim, verificou-se comportamento diferenciado das cultivares em relação ao sistema de cultivo, para a maioria das variáveis estudadas.
The influence of different cover crops was evaluated over the agronomic performance of tomato hybrids for industrial processing, as well as its effect over soil chemical attributes. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Main treatments (plots) were composed of winter cover crops (oat, hairy vetch, clover and radish) and of a fallow area (spontaneous vegetation). Subplots were composed of four processing tomato hybrids (AP529, AP533, Kátia and Sicílio). We evaluated the total production (TP), marketable production (CP), average mass of marketable fruits (AMCF) and number of marketable fruits (NCF). Chemical analysis of soil was done in two stages: one week preceding implantation of cover crops and in the phase of tomato implantation. Highest TPs were obtained in treatments in which cover crops were composed by hairy vetch and radish. However, although hairy vetch has caused an increase in TP, no difference between covers was obtained in relation to CP. Sicílio hybrid presented the greatest AMCF, however, its TP was lower than expected. This fact is related to lower NCF, which was half of the observed in AP529 and AP533 hybrids. Radish cover increased phosphorus, calcium and potassium in soil and this could be one of the factors responsible for the increase of TP provided by radish. On the other hand, oat has caused inverse effect, reducing availability of Ca and K. All covers have increased organic matter in soil, the major increment being presented by oat. Based on these results we conclude that hairy vetch and radish are the most indicated plants for cover preceding tomato cultivation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.