BackgroundMany studies reported that brief interventions are effective in reducing excessive drinking. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a protocol of brief intervention for college students (BASICS), delivered face-to-face, to reduce risky alcohol consumption and negative consequences.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was performed by searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Medline, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. A quality assessment of RCTs was made by using a validated scale. Combined mean effect sizes, using meta-analysis random-effects models, were calculated.Results18 studies were included in the review. The sample sizes ranged from 54 to 1275 (median = 212). All studies presented a good evaluation of methodological quality and four were found to have excellent quality. After approximately 12 months of follow-up, students receiving BASICS showed a significant reduction in alcohol consumption (difference between means = −1.50 drinks per week, 95% CI: -3.24 to −0.29) and alcohol-related problems (difference between means = −0.87, 95% CI: -1.58 to −0.20) compared to controls.ConclusionsOverall, BASICS lowered both alcohol consumption and negative consequences in college students. Gender and peer factors seem to play an important role as moderators of behavior change in college drinking. Characteristics of BASICS procedure have been evaluated as more favorable and acceptable by students in comparison with others interventions or control conditions. Considerations for future researches were discussed.
RESUMO -O estudo analisou comparativamente o consumo de álcool e expectativas do beber de homens e mulheres, verificando a relação entre as variáveis. Contou-se com uma amostra de 238 universitários, que responderam aos instrumentos AUDIT e AEQ-A. Homens apresentaram prevalência significativamente maior de uso de álcool no ano, uso problemático e binge. Expectativas de transformações globais positivas e de melhora no desempenho sexual foram maiores entre os homens. Houve correlação positiva entre expectativas e a gravidade de problemas associados ao consumo de álcool para ambos os sexos, no entanto, essa relação foi significativa apenas para os homens. Resultados indicam que diferenças das expectativas do beber entre os sexos podem ter um importante papel em ações de prevenção mais precisas e eficazes sobre o uso de álcool de homens e mulheres.Palavras-chave: álcool, expectativas, universitários, abuso de drogas, prevenção Alcohol Use and Drinking Expectations among College Students: An Analysis of Sex DifferencesABSTRACT -Alcohol use and drinking expectations of men and women were compared, verifying the relationship between variables. A sample of 238 college students responded to the AUDIT and AEQ-A. Men showed significantly higher prevalence of yearly alcohol use, problematic use and binge drinking. Expectations of global positive changes and sexual enhancement were greater among men. A positive correlation was found between expectations and severity of problems associated with alcohol consumption for both sexes, however, this relationship was significant only for men. Results indicated that differences of drinking expectations between the sexes may have an important role in more precise and effective preventive actions on alcohol use of men and women.
Resumo Contexto: Estudos indicam que expectativas sobre o uso de álcool podem contribuir para o início e a manutenção do consumo da droga e modular de forma diferente o comportamento do beber de homens e de mulheres. Objetivos: Descrever e analisar diferenças de gênero sobre expectativas relacionadas ao uso de álcool em artigos da literatura indexada. Métodos: Foram pesquisados artigos empíricos originais no período de 2000 a 2011 nos indexadores PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e PsycInfo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 32 estudos, sendo apenas dois de origem latino-americana. Expectativa de facilitação social foi a mais observada para ambos os gêneros. Homens apresentaram maior diversidade de expectativas sobre os efeitos do uso de álcool. Intervenções baseadas na redução de expectativas positivas parecem mais eficazes entre os homens. Conclusão: Expectativas são um importante fator de risco para o uso de álcool, independentemente do gênero. A consideração das diferenças de gênero sobre expectativas pode beneficiar o manejo clínico de problemas associados ao consumo de álcool e direcionar ações preventivas para o risco de abuso e dependência. Fachini A, Furtado EF / Rev Psiq Clín. 2012;39(2):68-73Palavras-chave: Gênero, expectativas sobre o álcool, prevenção, revisão sistemática. AbstractBackground: Previous studies have shown, that expectancies about the consumption of alcohol can contribute to the onset and maintenance of alcohol use and modulate in different ways the drinking behaviour of men and women. Objectives: To describe and analyse gender differences in alcohol expectancies based on indexed literature. Methods: The research was conducted via the electronic databases PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and PsycInfo, considering original articles published between 2000 and 2011. Results: Thirty two studies were found, whereby only 2 were from Latin America. Social facilitation was the most frequent expectancy in both genders. Men showed more variety of expectancies associated to alcohol use. Preventive measures with the aim to reduce positive expectancies were more effective in male. Discussion: Regardless of gender, alcohol expectancies are an important risk factor for alcohol use. The consideration of gender differences in alcohol expectancies can enhance clinical monitoring of problems associated with alcohol use and direct preventive efforts against the risk of abuse and dependence.
Aos meus pais, Valter e Fátima, por me tomarem as lições de escola, por me auxiliarem nos estudos para provas, pelo investimento, pelo empenho, pelos sacrifícios, enfim, por um conjunto de atitudes que contribuíram significativamente para alicerçar os passos da minha história pessoal e profissional. À Poli, minha mulher e companheira, pela compreensão sobre as atribulações e dificuldades que enfrentei nos meses de encerramento deste trabalho e pelo apoio para que este momento fosse alcançado. É bom saber que você faz e fará parte das minhas conquistas. Ao professor Dr. Erikson Felipe Furtado, por me acolher desde o mestrado, por confiar nas minhas iniciativas, permitindo-me liberdade no pensar e no agir e, especialmente, pelas orientações, que em alguns momentos foram além das atividades científicas e acadêmicas.
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