This study aimed to investigate the effect of digitally designed aligner thickness on the thickness of the corresponding 3-dimensional (3D)-printed aligner. Methods: Digitally designed aligners of 3 different thicknesses (0.500 mm, 0.750 mm, and 1.000 mm) were 3D printed in 2 different resins-Dental LT (n 5 10 per group) and Grey V4 (n 5 10 per group)-using a stereolithography format 3D printer. The Dental LT aligners were coated with a contrast spray and scanned with an optical scanner. The Grey V4 aligners were scanned before and after the application of the spray. Aligner scans were superimposed onto the corresponding digital design file. Average wall thickness across the aligner for each specimen was measured with metrology software. Results: Superimpositions showed that 3D-printed aligners were thicker overall than the corresponding design file. The Dental LT aligners had the largest thickness deviation, whereas the Grey V4 without spray had the smallest. For the 0.500-mm, 0.750-mm, and 1.000-mm groups, Dental LT average thickness deviation from the input file was 0.254 6 0.061 mm, 0.267 6 0.052 mm, and 0.274 6 0.034 mm, respectively, and average thickness differences between the Grey V4 with and without spray was 0.076 6 0.016 mm, 0.070 6 0.036 mm, and 0.080 6 0.017 mm, respectively. These results indicate that the excess thickness in the Dental LT groups could not be attributed to spray alone. Conclusions: Fabrication of clear aligners directly by 3D printing with the workflow applied resulted in an increased thickness that may deleteriously affect the clinical utility of the aligners.

The value of computer-aided implant planning using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for single immediate implants was explored. Eighteen patients requiring extraction of a tooth followed by a single immediate implant were enrolled. Small volume preoperative CBCT scans were used to plan the position of the implant. A taper screwed-type implant was immediately placed into a fresh socket using only the final 1 or 2 drills for osteotomy. Postoperative CBCTs were used for the analysis of actual implant placement positioning. Measurements of the planned and the actual implant position were made with respect to their position relative to the adjacent teeth. Mesio-distal displacements and the facial-lingual deviation of the implant from the planned position were determined. Changes in the angulation of the planned and actual implant position in relation to the clinical crown were also measured. To statistically summarize the results, box plots and 95% CIs for means of paired differences were used. The analysis showed no statistical difference between the planned position and final implant placement position in any measurement. The CBCT scans coupled with the computer-aided implant planning program along with a final 1-to-2 drill protocol may improve the accuracy of single immediate implant placement for taper screwed-type implants.

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Structured Abstract Objective Saliva can provide a non‐invasive approach to indicate changes in the oral and systemic conditions. Salivary proteomics allows the discovery of new protein biomarkers associated with certain conditions. The effectiveness and physiological effects of orthodontic tooth movement in theory can be measured using salivary protein biomarkers. Setting and Sample Population This study applied a systematic review to analyse current literature to define and summarize salivary biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement identified by mass spectrometry proteomics and other protein detection techniques. Materials and Methods Peer‐reviewed articles published through the 15th of November 2018 via the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Dentistry & Oral Sciences databases were reviewed. Only studies analysing protein biomarkers in saliva samples collected from human subjects associated with orthodontic treatments were included. Results Out of 482 articles, 7 studies were selected. Sample size ranged from 3 to 72 subjects. Minor variations of unstimulated whole saliva sample collection protocol were noted. Mass spectrometry proteomics and ELISA represented the majority of biomarker discovery and targeting, respectively. Twenty biomarkers were identified or chosen as target biomarkers. Conclusion Salivary proteins may be used to indicate effectiveness of orthodontic treatment and orthognathic treatment as well as adverse treatment consequence, such as root resorption.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular anomalies caused by mutations in genes encoding KRIT1, OSM and PDCD10 proteins causing hemorrhagic stroke. We examine proteomic change of loss of CCM gene expression. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, label-free differential protein expression analysis with multidimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was applied to three CCM protein knockdown cell lines and two control cell lines: ProteomeXchange identifier PXD000362. Principle component and cluster analyses were used to examine the differentially expressed proteins associated with CCM. The results from the five cell lines revealed 290 and 192 differentially expressed proteins (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Most commonly affected proteins were cytoskeleton-associated proteins, in particular myosin-9. Canonical genetic pathway analysis suggests that CCM may be a result of defective cell–cell interaction through dysregulation of cytoskeletal associated proteins. Conclusion The work explores signaling pathways that may elucidate early detection and novel therapy for CCM.