Kaposi's sarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). The disease primarily affects the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and even internal organs in late stages. Kaposi's sarcoma of the penis is usually found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is exceedingly rare in HIV-negative patients.In this article, we report 2 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 42-year-old and 55-year-old patients. Both patients denied any homosexual relationships. Their tumors were represented by 5-mm nodules located close to the external urethral orifice. Both patients have undergone tumor excision. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated Kaposi's sarcoma. The 55-year-old-patient had positive nuclear staining with anti-HHV-8 antibodies in the tumor cells, although no anti-HIV antibodies were found in his serum. The 42-year-old patient had a clinically significant increase in the level of human papillomavirus 51 (HPV-51) DNA detected using polymerase chain reaction in his urethral swab sample (3.2 х 10 5 Lg). Both patients were alive after 36 and 34 months, respectively, without signs of disease progression.
The solubility diagram of the quaternary system С60(ОН)24 – NdCl3 – PrCl3 – H2O and its ternary subsystems at 25°C was studied by the method of isothermal saturation in ampoules. In systems С60(ОН)24 – NdCl3 – PrCl3 – H2O and NdCl3 – PrCl3 – H2O isovalent substitution solid solutions crystallize with the miscibility gap (PrCl3)х(NdCl3)1-х•6H2O and (PrCl3)х(NdCl3)1-х•7H2O. In all systems there is one non-invariant point of the eutonic type corresponding to the saturation of the solution with two solid phases in the ternary subsystems and three solid phases in the quaternary system
The possibility of using an impacting electromagnetic radiation in the high-frequency range for ablation of biological tissues (soft and high density) is considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of ablation performed using electromagnetic radiation of the microwave range (microwave ablation method (MWA)) and high-frequency (HF) range is given. It was experimentally revealed that the characteristics of ablation performed by both methods are close to each other. HF ablation techniques performed by non-invasive and invasive methods are proposed and experimentally tested. Laser control of the degree of destruction of biological tissue is proposed which increases the reliability of control. The experiments were carried out using a high-frequency generator at a fixed frequency of 13.56 MHz created with the participation of the authors of this work. The use of an HF generator provided an effect on a biological tissue with a needle-type emitter (medical steel), without using a closed electrical circuit. Pig skin and muscles of cattle were used as biopsies. The processes of burning out the object of exposure, resection and coagulation were performed. It is shown that with HF ablation (HF), the tissue is heated to 120 ° C. A multimeter with the function of a thermal imager CEM DT-898 manufactured in Germany was used to study the temperature in the focus of exposure. This multimeter allows capturinge the area with the maximum temperature at the place of discharge, which occurs when the emitter approaches the skin and heats the skin to a certain temperature, as a result of which thermal ablation occurs. It was revealed that HF ablation occurs practically without affecting the surrounding tissues. A high-frequency electromagnetic system for conducting experimental studies has been developed and implemented. Based on the results of the work, it is proposed to ablate biological tissue using Russian HF generators.
The comprehensive topological isomorphism of liquid–vapor, fusibility, and solubility diagrams in the proper sets of variables is proven with the aid of van der Waals equations of the shift in phase equilibrium. Analogues of Gibbs–Konovalov and Gibbs–Roozeboom laws are demonstrated in solubility diagrams of ternary and quaternary systems under crystallization of different types of solid solutions. For the demonstration, the quaternary reciprocal system K+,NH4+||Cl−,Br−−H2O and its ternary subsystems with modeling of the liquid phase within the framework of the classical Pitzer formalism are mainly used. An algorithm for calculating solubility equilibria in these systems is given.
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