Isopiestic measurements were performed in binary and ternary systems of the type Fe2(SO4)3–H2SO4–H2O, FeCl3–H2O, and FeCl3–MCln–H2O (M = Na, K, Mg, or Ca). Numeric data for water isoactivity lines are presented and osmotic coefficients are calculated. The obtained data were recalculated using Pitzer’s equations. Pertinent parameters are given.
Isopiestic measurements were performed in aqueous FeCl2-solutions and in ternary systems of the type FeCl2–MCln–H2O (M = Na, K, Mg, Ca). Numeric data for water-isoactivity lines are presented and pertinent osmotic coefficients are calculated. The obtained data were recalculated using Pitzer’s equations. Pertinent parameters are given.
Osmotic coefficients of water have been measured isopiestically for the entire region of homogeneous ternary solutions for the Rb2SO4-(NH4)2SO4-H20 system at 25~ One might expect that water isoactivity lines should be straight since this system involves a continuous series of solid solutions. The related systems (K2SO4-Rb2SO 4 -H20 and K2SO 4 -(NH4)2SO 4-H20) obey the "linearity of water isoactivity lines" rule. Contrary to expectations, the Rb2SO4-(NH4)2-SO4-H20 appears to be the first water-salt system containing continuous solid solutions in which the mentioned rule is not obeyed.
The comprehensive topological isomorphism of liquid–vapor, fusibility, and solubility diagrams in the proper sets of variables is proven with the aid of van der Waals equations of the shift in phase equilibrium. Analogues of Gibbs–Konovalov and Gibbs–Roozeboom laws are demonstrated in solubility diagrams of ternary and quaternary systems under crystallization of different types of solid solutions. For the demonstration, the quaternary reciprocal system K+,NH4+||Cl−,Br−−H2O and its ternary subsystems with modeling of the liquid phase within the framework of the classical Pitzer formalism are mainly used. An algorithm for calculating solubility equilibria in these systems is given.
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