A theoretical model of psychological well-being that encompasses 6 distinct dimensions of wellness (Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations With Others, Purpose in Life, Self-Acceptance) was tested with data from a nationally representative sample of adults (iV -1,108), aged 25 and older, who participated in telephone interviews. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for the proposed 6-factor model, with a single second-order super factor. The model was superior in fit over single-factor and other artifactual models. Age and sex differences on the various well-being dimensions replicated prior findings. Comparisons with other frequently used indicators (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction) demonstrated that the latter neglect key aspects of positive functioning emphasized in theories of health and well-being.
La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo conocer la existencia de manifestaciones de violencia en relaciones de pareja en jóvenes que cursan educación superior en la ciudad de Osorno, Chile. Los participantes fueron 360 estudiantes (M=23,13 años y DT= 4,4 años) a quienes se aplicó la Escala de Maltrato en la Pareja Forma A (Rey, 2009), cuyo requisito fue estar o haber estado en una relación de pareja en los últimos doce meses. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un 85% de los participantes declaró haber recibido algún tipo de violencia, sin diferencia significativa entre sexos. Sin embargo, en violencia ejercida existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa (mujeres 88,4% y hombres 80,9%). Los datos muestran la gravedad del fenómeno sin diferencia de género, lo cual se transforma en un desafío para las políticas públicas y para los programas de intervención. Palabras clave: Violencia de pareja, victimización, perpetración, estudiantes universitarios.
Anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation are used to determine the intensity of aerobic exercise. This study aims to compare heart rate values relative to the percentages of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, a comparison calculated through the reserve heart rate (HRR) and reserve oxygen consumption (VO2R) equations corresponding to the oxygen consumption obtained by the direct method. The sample was composed of 11 men and 10 women: mean age, 21.4 ± 2.8 years. Volunteers performed a maximal treadmill test in which oxygen uptake was measured using the VO2000® metabolic analyzer. The mean body fat percentage was 15.68 ± 8.02% corresponding to a lean body mass of 54.8 ± 13.0 kg and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 56.0 ± 8.4 mL/Kg·min−1. The measured intensities (50%, 60%, 70% and 80% of VO2max) presented significant differences (p < 0.05) for each reference value. Mean values calculated by the HRR equation demonstrated a tendency to underestimate the intensities, while the values calculated by the VO2R equation showed a tendency to overestimate the intensities. As the main conclusion, it is pointed out that both methods were effective for determining the intensity of aerobic training. However, they presented significant differences, and the equations should be adjusted to increase precision. Thus, the use of HRR is recommended for the determination of training intensities.
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