Early markers are required in pathophysiological process of obesity, MS and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to clarify the usefulness of serum adipokines (adiponectin, AD and resistin) and inflammatory markers to identify obese and overweight children with MS. Three hundred and seven of 2 491 subjects aged 11-19 with BMI> or =85 centile selected with a multistage, stratified sampling were included. Their height, weight and waist circumference were measured, all subjects underwent physical examination and standard OGTT. AD, resistin and hs-CRP were measured from baseline blood sample. The mean age of subjects was 14.2+/-1.8, 57.7% was girl (n=177) and 42.3% (n=130) boy. Of the 307 subjects 40 (13%) were classified as having MS. Serum AD levels were significantly lower in boys (p=0.02), and decreased while BMI increased, but this trend was not significant (p>0.05). Although median resistin values were higher in obese than others (20, 18.5, 17 ng/ml, respectively) it was not significant (p>0.05). In obese subjects, hs-CRP levels were significantly high (0.21 mg/L) (p=0.000). All three markers in obese and overweight children with and without MS were not significant (p>0.05). Girls with MS had lower adiponectin levels than those without MS. Waist circumference had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting MS in ROC analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.831 for WC standard error (SE) 0.033; 95% CI 0.767-0.896; p<0.0001. But the AUCs for the adiponectin, resistin, hs-CRP were not significant. In this study, we observed that adipokines or inflammatory markers have no predictive value in the diagnosis of MS. We concluded that the best marker for MS diagnosis is the measurement of waist circumference.

Objective: To investigate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on both insulin resistance and risk of metabolic syndrome in children. Methods: The study group consisted of 301 children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.2±1.8 years. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and insulin resistance indices were evaluated. According to serum 25(OH)D levels, the subjects were classified in 3 groups. Those with levels ≤10 ng/mL were labeled as the vitamin D deficient group (group A), those with levels of 10-20 ng/mL as the vitamin D insufficient group (group B) and those with ≥20 ng/mL as having normal vitamin D levels (group C). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus. The participants with and without metabolic syndrome were compared in terms of 25(OH)D levels.Results: Mean 25(OH)D level of the total group was 18.2±9.3 (2.8-72.0) ng/mL. Distribution of individuals according to their vitamin D levels showed that 11.6% were in group A, 53.5% in group B, and 34.9% in group C. The proportions of boys and girls in these categories were 22.9% and 77.1% in group A, 36.6% and 63.4% in group B, 54.3% and 45.7% in group C, respectively. There were no significant differences in 25(OH)D levels in the individuals with and without impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. No relationship was observed between insulin resistance/sensitivity indices and vitamin D status (p>0.05). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 12.3% (n=37) of the children. There was also no difference in mean 25(OH)D levels between individuals who had and those who did not have the metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: In our study, no correlations were found between insulin measurements during oral glucose tolerance test and vitamin D deficiency. Nonetheless, more extended studies including vitamin D supplementation and evaluating insulin sensitivity via clamp technique are needed to further elucidate this relationship.Conflict of interest:None declared.

Objectives:The aim of the current study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument with psychometric qualities to measure effect of social media usage on eating behaviour in university students.Design:A thirty-eight-item draft scale developed by the researchers. After content validity, twenty-two items are remained and was used to collect the data. In the analysis of the data, confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity. For the reliability of the scale, Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the whole of the scale.Setting:The participants attended from various departments of different universities in Ankara.Participants:The scale was administered to the study group consisting of 247 university students.Results:Four items that had total correlation value less than 0·40 were removed from scale. The reliability coefficient of the whole eighteen-item scale was found to be 0·928.Conclusions:It has been shown that the scale developed as a result of the validity and reliability analyses performed for the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool and can be used in studies.

Objective: This study was conducted so at to verify the validity and reliability of "Food Neophobia Scale (FNS)" scale in Turkish. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 195 individuals (46.2% is male, 53.8% is female) aged between 19 and 64 (38.6±13.51) who accepted to voluntarily participate in the study in Ankara. While the demographical characteristics of the patients were questioned in the first stage, the 10-item FNS form having been translated into Turkish was used. Results: In the study, the existence of sufficient correlation among the items in the scale and the adequacy of sample size was examined; it was determined that the sample size was sufficient (KMO=0.78) and there was a sufficient relationship between the items for factor analyzes (χ2=142.502; p<0.05). In the assessment of fit of the scale, good fit cover index of χ2 was used and consequently the scale was found to have a good fit. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was found to be as 0.614 for the integrity of FNS. The Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) was found to be 0.92. The fact that this value is over 0.90 proves the model to have a good fit. Conclusion:The findings being acquired as a result of the all statistical analyzes have shown that the FNS adapted to Turkish is a reliable and valid measuring tool which can be used in Turkey. It is thought that FNS adapted to Turkish can contribute to the studies for research of food neophobia.

No abstract

ÖzTip 1 diabetes mellitus (Tip 1 DM), tedavisinde beslenmenin önemli rol oynadığı, prevalansı gün geçtikçe artan metabolik bir bozukluktur. Öğün planları, öğün saatleri ve yasak yiyecek kavramı, diyabetli bireylerin zihnini sürekli meşgul edip vücut ağırlığı kontrolü üzerine düşünmelerine neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum özellikle Tip 1 DM'li kız adölesanlarda yeme davranışı bozukluğu insidansını artırabilmektedir. Oluşumunda genetik, biyolojik ve çevresel faktörlerin rol oynadığı düşünülen ve henüz DSM-V sınıflandırmasında yer almayan 'diyabulimia', Tip 1 DM'li bireylerin ağırlık kontrolünü sağlamak amacıyla insülin dozunu azaltması veya bilinçli olarak atlaması olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Diyabulimia, diyabete bağlı komplikasyon riskini ve mortalite oranını artırmakla birlikte geç puberteye, düzensiz menstrüasyon siklusuna, anksiyete problemlerine, depresif ataklara ve intihar girişimine neden olabilmektedir. Diyabulimia tedavisi diğer yeme davranışı bozukluklarında olduğu gibi alanında uzman doktor, psikiyatr, diyetisyen, hemşire ve psikoloğu içeren multidisipliner bir ekip çalışmasını gerektirmektedir. Tedavinin uzun sürmesi ve hastalığın tekrarlama riskinin son derece yüksek olması nedeniyle, bu konuda duyarlı olunması ve gelişiminin önlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Diyabetliler arasında tanısı henüz konulamamış diyabulimia vakalarının olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle derleme olarak hazırlanan bu makalede, diyabulimianın diyetisyen perspektifinden tedavisinin ve izleminin literatür ışığında tartışılması ve sağlık personelinin konu ile ilgili farkındalığının artırılması amaçlanmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: Tip 1 diabetes mellitus, adölesan, diyabulimia, yeme davranışı bozukluğu Eating behavior disorder in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus: DiabulimiaAbstract Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) is a metabolic disorder under which nutrition plays an important role in the management and the prevalence is increasing day by day. Meal plans, meal hours and the concept of forbidden food can cause diabetic individuals to constantly engage their minds and consider about the body weight control.

The purpose of this study was to determine nutritional status and its influence on their quality of life in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measurements. This study was conducted with 57 Alzheimer type dementia patients between the ages of 52 and 89 who live in nursing homes in Ankara/Turkey. In this study, it was found that the 57.9% of the AD patients were at risk of malnutrition, and that 19.3% were malnourished. Malnutrition risk rises as the length of stay increases (p< .05). A significant correlation between body weight and quality of life as well as one between calf circumference and quality of life was detected (p< .05). In this study, nutrient intake among aged individuals with AD was found unbalanced; a statistically significant correlation between energy / nutrient intake and quality of life also was not detected.

The purpose of this study was to determine nutritional status and its influence on their quality of life in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and anthropometric measurements. This study was conducted with 57 Alzheimer type dementia patients between the ages of 52 and 89 who live in nursing homes in Ankara/Turkey. In this study, it was found that the 57.9% of the AD patients were at risk of malnutrition, and that 19.3% were malnourished. Malnutrition risk rises as the length of stay increases (p< .05). A significant correlation between body weight and quality of life as well as one between calf circumference and quality of life was detected (p< .05). In this study, nutrient intake among aged individuals with AD was found unbalanced; a statistically significant correlation between energy / nutrient intake and quality of life also was not detected.