Depression belongs to the most severe diseases of the elderly people. Quite often, depression is not diagnosed and treated at the older age. Consequently, it leads to deterioration of the overall physical, psychological and social state of an elderly person. Aim: The goal of the quantitative research was to roughly estimate the prevalence of depression among persons who live in houses for the elderly or similar institutions and to find the factors which influence the occurrence of depression. Methods: The sample of the elderly comprised 84 individuals who were intentionally chosen. The quantitative research was based on the use of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Other statistical tests were used to evaluate the influence of individual factors on the prevalence of depression among the elderly: Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: The GDS revealed depression in 28.6% of individuals in the tested sample. The appropriate statistical tests showed increased depression rates among the elderly who were lonely, widowed, suffering from chronic diseases or pain, and those with impaired cognitive thinking. Conclusion: Depression among individuals living in houses for the elderly or similar institutions is a grave and contemporary problem. The solution of this problem depends on the timely recognition of depression and analysis of factors which influence the prevalence of depression among the elderly.

Ageism in nursing is a common phenomenon, which manifests in many ways and negatively affects a patient and her care. Goal: The goal of quantitative analysis is to find the difference between ageist attitudes among nurses and nursing students. Methods: The nonprobability sample contained two groups. One group consisted of 126 nurses and the other group consisted of 94 nursing students. The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) was used to quantify the stance and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to evaluate the difference between the two groups. Results: Nurses and nursing students had low to intermediate levels of ageist attitudes according to FSA. Nurses showed higher levels of ageist attitudes compared to nursing students as evaluated by Mann-Whitney U-test. Conclusion: Ageism is a part of nursing care and it needs to be eliminated. One way how to achieve this is by early awareness of one's own prejudice. S Ú h R NAgeizmus v ošetrovateľstve je bežným javom, ktorý sa manifestuje rôznymi spôsobmi a má negatívny dopad na pacienta i na poskytovanú starostlivosť. Cieľ: Cieľom kvantitatívneho výskumu bolo zistiť rozdiel v úrovni ageistických postojov u sestier a študentov ošetrovateľstva. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 126 sestier a 84 študentov ošetrovateľstva, ktorí boli do vzorky zaradení na základe zámerného výberu. Výskum bol realizovaný pomocou Fraboniho škály ageizmu (FSA). Rozdiel v úrovni ageistických postojov medzi sestrami a študentmi sme overovali na základe neparametrického Mann-Whitneyho U-testu. Výsledky: Pomocou FSA bola u sestier i študentov ošetrovateľstva zistená takmer žiadna až stredná úroveň ageistických postojov, teda mierne pozitívne až mierne negatívne vnímanie starších pacientov. Na základe Mann-Whitneyho U-testu sme zistili,

Background Increased workload and of the health workforce (HW) strained the capacity to maintain essential health services (EHS) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, while putting them at increased risk of COVID-19 and other consequences to their health. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the health, wellbeing, and working conditions of nurses in Slovakia and to identify gaps in policies to be addressed to increase preparedness of the HW for future emergencies. Methods A nation-wide cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses during November–December 2021, referring to the period of January 2021 to November 2021. To assess the differences between impact on HW on various levels of care, respondents were grouped by type of facility: hospital-COVID-19 wards; Hospital–non-covid ward; Outpatient or ER; Other care facilities. Results 1170 nurses participated, about 1/3 of them tested positive for COVID-19 by November 2021, mostly developing mild disease. Almost 2/3 reported long-covid symptoms and about 13% reported that they do not plan to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The median of the score of the impact of workload on health was 2.8 (56% of the maximum 5), the median score of mental health-wellbeing was 1.9 (63% of a maximum of 3). The studied impacts in all domains were highest in nurses working in COVID-19 hospital wards. Significant disruptions of health care were reported, with relatively high use of telemedicine to mitigate them. Overall, about 70% of the respondents thought of leaving their job, mostly due to working stress or inadequate pay. Conclusions Our study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic poses a substantial burden on the health, wellbeing and working conditions of nurses in Slovakia and that a large proportion of nurses considered leaving their jobs because of work overload or low salaries. Human resource strategies should be adopted to attract, retain and continuously invest in HW development including in emergency preparedness and response. Such an approach may improve the resilience and preparedness of the health system in Slovakia for future emergencies.

Original research article Identifikácia rizikových faktorov pádov u geriatrických pacientov v sledovanom období vIntroduction: Falls represent a frequent, serious, and financial problem for society as well as for the individual. They are one of the main causes of death, injury and functional limitation of seniors. Every fall of a person over the age of 65 should be an alarming signal and an impulse for the analysis of risk factors and taking preventive measures. Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify and analyze the risk factors of falls in geriatric patients at chosen clinical departments at the University Hospital in Trnava, Slovak Republic, over the period of 2010-2014. Design: The work is designed as a descriptive retrospective study. Methods: Relevant data on respondents, circumstances and factors of falls have been obtained by a content analysis from the document: "Patient Fall Protocol". In the study, we analyzed 125 protocols that were recorded between 2010 and 2014. The patient's protocol is a part of the MEDEA hospital information system. We used the Pearson Chi-quadrate and a single-chiral Chi-quadrate for data processing and evaluation. Results: Based on the acquired results, we can say that in the case of restless patients, there are several types of falls from bed -when getting up, moving, or resting on an unstable surface (Sig. <0.004). The results of the study show that tripping, slipping and walking instability is higher in women (Sig. <0.043) than in men. Patients' psychological condition affects their ability to cooperate (Sig. <0.001), and the ability to cooperate is influenced by the type of pharmacotherapy (Sig. <0.034). We found differences in the mobility (Sig. <0.044) and self-sufficiency (Sig. <0.041) of patients of different age groups. Most falls occurred between 10 p.m. and 6 p.m. Conclusion: Fall prevention is one of the six international safety targets identified by the World Health Organization. Fall risk identification in geriatric patients is therefore very important and can help to implement preventive programs which can help to reduce the cost of treatment associated with the consequences of falls. O š e t ř O v a t e l s t v íČlánek citujte takto: Uríčková A, Schildová D, Ilievová Ľ. Fall-risk identification of geriatric patients in